Glaucoma

Prospective study on the role of preoperative mannitol in capsulorhexis and reducing intraoperative complications in primary angle-closure disease surgery CONCLUSION: Preoperative intravenous mannitol can reduce the risk of intraoperative complications and improve postoperative outcomes in patients with PACG. Factors including anterior chamber depth, incision location and method, and the zonule status significantly influence the capsulorhexis process.

Automated analysis for glaucoma screening of retinal videos acquired with smartphone-based ophthalmoscope Widespread screening is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. The development of portable technologies, such as smartphone-based ophthalmoscopes, able to image the optical nerve head, represents a resource for large-scale glaucoma screening. Indeed, they consist of an optical device attached to a common smartphone,…

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on intraocular pressure in patients with OSA: a systematic review and meta-analysis CONCLUSIONS: After long-term treatments CPAP therapy, there is a significant increase in intraocular pressure in patients with OSA and a decrease in ocular perfusion pressure but did not show a significant difference in other ophthalmologic parameters. For this reason, CPAP usage in glaucoma patients necessitates to be done cautiously.

Study on Visual Quality After Cataract Surgery and Goniosynechialysis in Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma and Cataracts CONCLUSION: Pupil dilation is a major factor affecting postoperative visual quality in PACG patients, even after surgery. Larger pupil size significantly increases higher-order aberrations and reduces contrast sensitivity. Techniques like pupil suturing may help improve visual quality in these patients.

Effectiveness of the addition of visual aids to conversational preoperative education in glaucoma filtering surgery: A randomized controlled trial BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative visual aids on anxiety and pain management in patients with low educational backgrounds undergoing glaucoma filtering surgery.

Association between age at diagnosis of diabetes and ocular disease: Insights from a recent article In this article, we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases. The study, which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data, highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and vision loss,…

Erratum: Huperzine A lowers intraocular pressure via the M3 mAChR and provides retinal neuroprotection via the M1 mAChR: a promising agent for the treatment of glaucoma [This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8093.].

Aqueous Angiography Guided Bent Ab Interno Needle Goniectomy in High versus Low Aqueous Humor Outflow Regions in POAG: A Pilot RCT CONCLUSION: Short-term results of BANG in low-flow AHO regions show enhanced success compared to those in high-flow AHO regions. This study suggests that trabecular cutting minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (like BANG) may be performed in baseline low-flow AHO regions (temporal quadrant) instead of the high-flow AHO (nasal quadrant) regions.

Ophthalmological manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease under the watchful eye of a gastroenterologist from a tertiary centre CONCLUSIONS: EIM, including O-EIM, are a common problem in patients with IBD. The presence of ophthalmological symptoms and the lack of follow-up with an ophthalmologist make it difficult to correctly estimate the true number of IBD patients experiencing O-EIM. Therefore, patients with IBD should be routinely referred for ophthalmological evaluation.

Effect of the prolene ripcord suture on the baerveldt tube position: A case study A 42 year old Afro-Caribbean man underwent Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI) surgery for silicone oil induced glaucoma. Three months following initial surgery, the 3-0 prolene ripcord suture was removed. Anterior segment OCT demonstrates the position of the intracameral portion of the tube before and after the 3/0 prolene stent suture (PSS) removal. Ex-vivo experiments further…

Enhancing glaucoma diagnosis: Generative adversarial networks in synthesized imagery and classification with pretrained MobileNetV2 The disease affects the optic nerve and represents the principle reasons of irreversible vision loss, mostly asymptomatic and uncontrolled. Consequently, early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent or reduce its effect, however, conventional diagnostic techniques often fail to provide concrete results. In this regard, we present a new approach built on Generative Adversarial Networks…

Validation of a Visual Field Prediction Tool for Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study Involving Patients with Glaucoma In the United Kingdom CONCLUSION: This study validates the performance of our previously developed KF model on a real-world, multicenter patient population. Our model substantially outperforms the current clinical standard (LR) and forecasts well for patients with different glaucoma types and severities. This study supports the generalizability of PKF performance and supports prospective study of implementation into clinical practice.

Radius-Maumenee syndrome (idiopathic dilated episcleral vessels) CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: RMS is a diagnosis of exclusion, based on clinical findings and imaging exams. Treatment includes eyes drops and surgery in refractory cases.

Definition for consensus statement much needed No abstract

Direct and indirect healthcare costs of ocular diseases in Italy: a literature review on glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the substantial economic burden ocular diseases place on the Italian healthcare system. Early intervention and preventive strategies could reduce the long-term costs of managing diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Further research into indirect costs and cost-effective interventions is necessary to support more efficient healthcare resource allocation.

Close relationship between systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure No abstract

Control values of intraocular pressure in different species: a review of literature It is generally accepted that intraocular pressure (IOP) depends on the rate of aqueous humor production, system outflow resistance, and episcleral venous pressure. Therefore, control IOP values are expected to be within the strict and predictable limits in specific animal species, and there should be no vast differences between species. However, in the literature the…

Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Aromatic Sulfonamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII Inhibitors and Their Antioxidant Activity This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of some sulfonamide derivatives for their inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzymes I, II, IX, and XII as well as for their antioxidant activity. The purity of the synthesized molecules was confirmed by the HPLC purity analysis and was found in the range…

A decade of intracapsular cataract extraction: Clinical profile and visual outcomes at Hospital Melaka, Malaysia CONCLUSION: The incidence of ICCE was low, accounting for only 0.66% of the 21,596 cataract surgeries performed at Hospital Melaka, Malaysia, during the study period. The primary indication was senile cataracts with weak zonular support. Most patients achieved favourable visual outcomes at 12 weeks postsurgery following IOL implantation, with the iris-claw IOL showing superior postoperative…

Third-Generation Trabecular Micro-Bypass Implantation with Phacoemulsification for Glaucoma CONCLUSIONS: iStent infinite implantation with cataract surgery resulted in clinically and statistically significant IOP and medication reductions through 12 months postoperative, with favorable safety. This cohort constitutes one of the first and largest published datasets for this device in combination with cataract surgery in real-world usage.

Comparison of Outcomes of Deep Sclerectomy, Canaloplasty, and Viscocanaloplasty: A Multi-Centred Study CONCLUSIONS: All three NPGS provide sustained IOP reduction, but DS and CP provide better success rates and IOP control. Success rates were low for the most stringent cut-offs, suggesting that other techniques such as trabeculectomy may be indicated when a very low target IOP is demanded.

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure dip and beta-parapapillary atrophy zone choroidal vessel density in normal-tension glaucoma patients CONCLUSION: Over-dippers presented with lower pCVD than non-dippers or dippers as measured by OCTA choroidal images. Low pCVD was a predictor of "over-dipper" cases and associated with a greater percentage of nocturnal MAP dip in NTG patients. 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring may provide further information for detecting low pCVD in NTG patients with nocturnal BP…

Nationwide cohort study of primary open angle glaucoma risk and cardiovascular factors among in Korean glaucoma suspects This retrospective study investigated the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among individuals identified as glaucoma suspects and examined associated cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a longitudinal, nationwide cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and included 362,285 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korean National Health Screening Program…

Synthesis, Characterization, and Docking Studies of 1,4-dien as a Potential Impurity in Bimatoprost Drug CONCLUSION: There are negligible differences in RMSD and docking scores between the two ligands, which amount to only 0.18 Å and 0.313 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings strongly indicate that both ligands are likely to exhibit similar biological functions and effi-ciencies.

Advancing allergic rhinitis research through phenome-wide association studies: Insights from known genetic loci CONCLUSION: This study highlights the impact of AR risk loci on a variety of diseases. By revealing new associations and shared genetic pathways, our findings provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of AR and pave the way for more effective targeted interventions to manage AR and its related diseases.

Increased SCUBE-1 levels in the aqueous humour of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome CONCLUSION: SCUBE-1 is an important marker of ischaemia and oxidative stress. Increased SCUBE-1 levels in the aqueous humour of patients with PXS may indicate a local effect of SCUBE-1 in the pathogenesis of PXS.

Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and the True Rate of Functional and Structural Progression in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study CONCLUSIONS: VF appeared to deteriorate at a faster rate than structural measurements. However, this could be explained by the floor-effect from nonfunctional tissue. IOP induced a similar acceleration in RoP per mm Hg increase.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients With the Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study assessing OCTA in KPro patients and identified a higher incidence of artifacts that may be associated with the KPro optic. About 33% of KPro images were useable for microvascular measurements, supporting further OCTA research in this population to assess vascular pathology of glaucoma.

In vivo imaging of mitochondrial function in normal, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes To investigate macula and optic nerve head (ONH) mitochondrial metabolic activity using flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) in normal, glaucoma suspect (GS), and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes we performed a cross-sectional, observational study of FPF in normal, GS, and OAG eyes. The macula and ONH of each eye was scanned and analyzed with a commercially available FPF…

Identification of mutation of MYOC (c.1099G>A), a pedigree pathogenic gene of juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG): A case report RATIONALE: The MYOC gene is associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). This study aims to provide genetic counseling for a Chinese JOAG family by detecting MYOC mutations to identify high-risk individuals for early JOAG intervention. It also supplements the clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients with MYOC gene mutations.

Insights into the practice of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) offer an alternative approach, aiming to be both safe and effective. Defined by their ab interno technique, which avoids creating a bleb, MIGS procedures seek to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by enhancing the outflow pathways of aqueous humor. Techniques include stenting, incisions, and excisions of the trabecular meshwork, canaloplasty of…

Ultrasound guided Ru106 plaque brachytherapy for treatment of exudative retinal detachment in children with diffuse choroidal haemangioma CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided Ru 106 plaque brachytherapy is an effective treatment strategy as a primary treatment in the absence of external beam radiotherapy, to achieve tumour regression and resolution of retinal detachment in DCH.

Enhanced diabetic retinopathy detection using U-shaped network and capsule network-driven deep learningGlaucoma, a severe eye disease leading to irreversible vision loss if untreated, remains a significant challenge in healthcare due to the complexity of its detection. Traditional methods rely on clinical examinations of fundus images, assessing features like optic cup and disc sizes, rim thickness, and other ocular deformities. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have introduced…

Venous compression causes chronic cerebral ischaemia in normal pressure hydrocephalus patientsCONCLUSION: The fact that cerebral blood flow impairment begins at very low intracranial pressures indicates that cerebral autoregulation to compensate for reduced venous blood flow is not functioning adequately in NPH. These processes provide a link between impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation, cerebral autoregulation, and neurological dysfunction, which has been missing in patients with NPH involving…

Potential Functions and Causal Associations of GNLY in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Integration of Blood-Derived Proteome, Transcriptome, and Experimental VerificationCONCLUSION: This study reveals GNLY as a significant potential therapeutic target for managing primary open-angle glaucoma.

Phenotype and genetic spectrum of six Indian patients with bestrophinopathyThe aim of this study is to describe genotype and phenotype of patients with bestrophinopathy. The case records were reviewed retrospectively, findings of multimodal imaging such as color fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, electrophysiological, and genetic tests were noted. Twelve eyes of six patients from distinct Indian families with molecular diagnosis were…

Coats disease presenting with vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucomaCONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: We report a patient with a unique presentation of advanced Coats disease. By highlighting the treatment approach and potential factors that led to the preservation of visual function, we hope to expand the literature on the diagnosis and management of Coats disease.

Presumed Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Neovascular Glaucoma: A Case SeriesCONCLUSIONS: Patients responded well to prompt immunosuppression and preserved vision in the sympathising eye. Steroid-sparing medication could not be stopped due to inflammation flare-ups and risk of visual loss. There could be a potential link between breakdown of the blood-retina barrier prior to the development of SO and sustained inflammatory reaction.

Intravitreal Sustained Release Steroid Implants Are Safe and Effective in Patients With Glaucoma Drainage DevicesCONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal steroid implants were safe and effective for the treatment of post-surgical CME in patients with pre-existing GDD. There was no increase in IOP and no increase in antihypertensive drops.

The impact of air pollution on acute angle-closure glaucoma in Hefei, China, 2017-2022: a time-series studyObjective: The study investigated the effects of air pollutants on the incidence of acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) in Hefei, China.Methods: A combination of generalized additive models (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and the incidence of AACG.Results: Exposure-response curves showed that exposure to PM2.5, PM10,…

A System for Producing Controlled Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Awake Brown Norway RatsAnimal models that help us understand how elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes axonal injury will lead to new glaucoma therapies. Because reliable measurements are difficult to obtain in chronic models, we developed the controlled elevation of IOP (CEI) approach. Here, a cannula connected to an elevated balanced salt solution (BSS) reservoir is inserted into the…

Visually significant ocular decompression retinopathy following laser peripheral iridotomy in a patient with primary acute angle-closure glaucomaCONCLUSIONS: We report on a patient who developed visually significant ODR following Nd:YAG LPI. Recognizing this condition and distinguishing it from similar conditions, including central retinal vein occlusion, is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatment. Ancillary imaging including fluorescein angiography and ocular coherence tomography is helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

Treatment modalities and trends for hospitalized patients with neovascular glaucoma: A retrospective study of 10 yearsTo analyze the treatment modalities and trends for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) over the past 10 years, we conducted a retrospective analysis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center on 1331 NVG inpatients who received 1459 treatments for 1383 eyes between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021. Over time, we observed a progressive annual increase in both the…

Normal tension glaucoma as initial manifestation of Takayasu arteritis- an unknown entityCONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in patients with NTG and the need to consider systemic conditions, such as TA, as potential underlying cause in young female patients presenting with NTG.

Rapamycin protects glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma model mice against trabecular meshwork fibrosis by suppressing mTORC1/2 signalingSystemic or local use of glucocorticoids (GCs) can induce pathological elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), potentially leading to permanent visual loss. Previous studies have demonstrated that rapamycin (Rapa) inhibits the activation of retinal glial cells and the production of neuroinflammation, achieving neuroprotective goals. However, there has been little research on the effect of Rapa on…

Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis after exposed glaucoma drainage implantA patient with juvenile glaucoma status post 2 glaucoma drainage implants in each eye presents with painful vision loss in the left eye and is found to have streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis from an exposed inferior glaucoma drainage implant. The infection is managed medically with intravitreal antibiotics and surgically with a glaucoma drainage device revision, anterior…

Longitudinal corneal hysteresis changes predict structural progression in medically controlled, early-to-moderate, open-angle glaucoma with a history of refractive surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal decrease in CH over time was greater in those showing structural progression than those without progression among medically controlled, early-to-moderate OAG with a history of LRS. Decrease in CH was significantly associated with faster RNFL loss. Larger CH changes indicate a higher risk of OAG progression in those with a history of LRS.

The Effect of Blood Pressure on Rates of Progression in Focal Ischemic versus Generalized Cup Enlargement Glaucoma PhenotypesCONCLUSION: Lower systemic BP levels were associated with faster RNFL thinning in the FI optic disc phenotype, but not in the GE phenotype. These findings highlight the importance of considering both IOP and systemic BP when managing patients with the FI optic disc phenotype.

American Glaucoma Society-American Academy of Ophthalmology Position Statement on Nicotinamide Use for Glaucoma NeuroprotectionNo abstract

Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Stimulant Prescribing Among AdultsCONCLUSIONS: The proportion of potentially inappropriate adult stimulant prescriptions increased over time and with patient age. Visits to primary care providers were predictive of potentially inappropriate prescribing, and a history of substance abuse was predictive of new stimulant prescriptions; therefore, quality improvement interventions regarding safe stimulant prescribing practices may be warranted.

Phase 3, Randomized, Comparison Study of Intracameral Bimatoprost Implant 10 µg and Selective Laser TrabeculoplastyCONCLUSIONS: The bimatoprost implant demonstrated statistical and clinical noninferiority to SLT in IOP reduction from baseline at weeks 4, 12, and 24. In subgroup analysis, patients with flexible implant readministration met the same criteria. Both the implant and SLT demonstrated sustained (2-year) IOP lowering in many eyes. A flexible administration schedule improved the safety profile…

Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma Treatment: A Review Bridging the Gap in Veterinary PatientsRetinal diseases are characterized by progressive damage to retinal cells, leading to irreversible vision loss. Among these, glaucoma stands out as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving elevated intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and optic nerve damage, ultimately resulting in blindness in both humans and dogs. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic…

The Severity of Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Did Not Affect the Surgical Effectiveness of the Ahmed Glaucoma ValveIntroduction: To report the role of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) severity on the surgical efficacy of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Participants were the consecutive 102 eyes from 102 Japanese subjects (55 males, 47 females; mean age ± standard deviation, 74.9 ± 7.8 years) who underwent AGV implantation for…

Predictors of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis postcorneal transplantationCONCLUSIONS: CMV corneal endotheliitis developed postcorneal transplantation with coin-shaped lesions. Careful postoperative follow-up, especially within the first 12 months after surgery, is necessary for patients with a history of glaucoma or anterior uveitis.

How to diagnose glaucoma in myopic eyes by detecting structural changes?Myopia is rapidly escalating globally, especially in East and Southeast Asia, where its prevalence among younger populations reaches alarming levels of 80 to 90%. This surge contributes to a myopia epidemic linked to several ocular complications, including glaucoma. As myopic individuals age, the risk of developing glaucoma increases, and an additional concern arises from the…

Lost in the Angle: The Mystery of the Missing XENNo abstract

Optic Nerve Head Changes in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Implications for Glaucoma RiskCONCLUSION: In acute CSCR, increased SFCT is accompanied by a corresponding rise in PPCT, leading to significant ONH structural changes and enhanced blood flow, potentially offering glaucoma protection. However, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of chronic CSCR on choriocapillaris ischemia and optic nerve.

Efficacy and safety of robotic Cyberknife radiotherapy in uveal melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysisCONCLUSIONS: CKRT is a viable, noninvasive RT for UM. The rate of local tumour control following treatment is comparable to that of other RT approaches, providing additional options based on the patient's condition.

Efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy in treating choroidal melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysisCONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis identified PBT as a vital local treatment strategy against choroidal melanoma. Both OS and local control rates showed excellent results. However, more prospective trials can help compare the efficacy of PBT with typical therapy.

Association between four anthropometric indices with age-related Macular Degeneration from NHANES 2005-2008CONCLUSION: This study confirmed a increased risk between four anthropometric measures, including WtHR, BRI, CI, and WWI, with AMD, especially early AMD. The findings suggest that these four anthropometric indices should be more broadly utilized to improve early AMD prevention and treatment strategies. Additionally, we found that the positive association between these four body measurement…

A 3D-Printed Aqueous Drainage Tube with an Expandable Inner Diameter to Accommodate the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Fluctuations After Glaucoma SurgeryGlaucoma treatment involves reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve, to a normal range. Aqueous drainage devices may be used for treatment, and a variety of devices have been proposed. However, they have a non-variable and uniform inner diameter, which makes it difficult to accommodate the IOP fluctuations that occur after…

Risk for Ocular Hypertension With Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implants in Black and White Patients With Diabetic Macular EdemaPurpose: To compare the effects of intravitreal (IVT) 0.7 mg dexamethasone implants on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in Black patients and White patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of Black patients and White patients with DME who received dexamethasone implants with 12 or more months of follow-up. Results:…

Oral Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Indications, Outcomes, and Effect on Corticosteroid UseCONCLUSIONS: Oral cyclosporine reduces corticosteroid use in VKC and can be considered in recalcitrant disease or in eyes with steroid-induced glaucoma and active allergy. Oral cyclosporine significantly reduced the risk of acute exacerbations, proving to be an effective modality for controlling inflammation in VKC.

Lucia Keratoprosthesis in a Sclerocorneal Graft for Recurrent Graft Rejection Secondary to Herpetic KeratitisCONCLUSIONS: The Lucia KPro on a sclerocorneal graft may be a viable option to provide healthy sclera in patients requiring combined KPro surgery.

Infectious keratitis following photorefractive keratectomy: a 13-year study at a tertiary centerCONCLUSION: This long-term study found a post-PRK keratitis rate of 0.018%, with gram-positive bacteria as the most common pathogens. Prompt management and regular follow-up assessments are essential for achieving satisfactory outcomes.

FABP5 regulates ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome in glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxic glaucomatous modelFatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a class of small molecular mass intracellular lipid chaperone proteins that bind to hydrophobic ligands, such as long-chain fatty acids. FABP5 expression was significantly upregulated in the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) model, the microbead-induced chronic glaucoma model, and the DBA/2J mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that FABP5 can mediate mitochondrial…

Treatment approaches and technical considerations for congenital aniridia with iris prosthesis and complex secondary glaucomaNo abstract

Tailoring glaucoma education using large language models: Addressing health disparities in patient comprehensionThis study evaluates the efficacy of GPT-4, a Large Language Model, in simplifying medical literature for enhancing patient comprehension in glaucoma care. GPT-4 was used to transform published abstracts from 3 glaucoma journals (n = 62) and patient education materials (Patient Educational Model [PEMs], n = 9) to a 5th-grade reading level. GPT-4 was also…

Establishing normal interocular symmetry range for macular optical coherence tomography parameters in healthy childrenCONCLUSIONS: The study establishes a reliable reference range for interocular variances in macular sublayers, aiding clinical decision-making. The outer ring (3-6 mm) is most dependable for analysing most sublayers, while the inner ring is most suitable for examining the ganglion-cell layer.

Glaucoma Screening and Referral Risk Factors in a High-Risk Population: Follow-up Study of the Manhattan Vision Screening Study (NYC-SIGHT)CONCLUSION: Our findings support public health approaches that focus community-based eye health screenings on high-risk populations and prioritize underserved communities.

Glymphatic system impairment in normal tension glaucoma evaluated by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular spaceDisruption of the glymphatic system plays a vital role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). We evaluated the impairment of glymphatic system of NTG patients by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), and explored the correlation between the ALPS index and dysfunction of visual cortices in resting state. DTI-ALPS…

Anticoagulation for Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: An American Glaucoma Society SurveyCONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulation management is highly varied, and this study may help to inform practice guidelines and optimize surgical outcomes by elucidating surgeon perspectives toward MIGS and anticoagulation management.

Xen 63 versus Preserflo MicroShunt implant in patients with primary open-angle glaucomaThis study compared the efficacy safety profiles of the Xen 63 and Preserflo MicroShunt devices, both standalone, in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It is a retrospective and single-center study conducted on consecutive on patients with medically uncontrolled POAG who underwent either a standalone Xen 63 or a standalone Preserflo and had a 12-month…

Guardian Knowledge in Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional StudyCONCLUSIONS: The study revealed gaps in guardian knowledge, irrespective of educational level or other demographic factors. Guardians' education level and the number of operations performed on the child are critical determinants of guardians' understanding of congenital glaucoma. Traditional approaches to educational interventions may require re-evaluation, and there is a pressing need for targeted educational interventions.

Outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex<sup>®</sup>) in patients with post-surgical macular edema - a real-world scenarioCONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal Ozurdex implants significantly improved functional and structural aspects in post-surgical macular edema. The timing of implantation influenced VA improvement, with a distinct step approach showing better outcomes than at the time of oil removal.

Systematic application of saliency maps to explain the decisions of convolutional neural networks for glaucoma diagnosis based on disc and cup geometryThis paper systematically evaluates saliency methods as explainability tools for convolutional neural networks trained to diagnose glaucoma using simplified eye fundus images that contain only disc and cup outlines. These simplified images, a methodological novelty, were used to relate features highlighted in the saliency maps to the geometrical clues that experts consider in glaucoma diagnosis.…

Combined Phacoemulsification, Goniosynechialysis and Ab Interno Trabeculectomy in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma: Long-term ResultsObjective: This research was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ab-interno trabeculectomy (Trabectome and Kahook Dual Blade) combined with phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and goniosynechialysis in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Methods: A total of 47 patients were included in the study and all the patients received the combined surgery. Intraocular pressure, anti-glaucoma…

Generation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Reprogrammed Keratocytes of Non-Glaucoma and Glaucoma DonorsHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling can be successfully recapitulated to mimic disease characteristics across various human pathologies. Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy, primarily affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). While multiple groups have successfully generated RGCs from non-diseased hiPSCs, producing RGCs from glaucomatous human samples holds significant promise for understanding disease pathology…

Developing TopicsCONCLUSION: In a cohort of community-dwelling older Latinos, we found that visual field loss is associated with cognitive impairment. Vision-related driving difficulty was identified as a more important mediator than social functioning, dependency, and mental health.

Alzheimer's Imaging ConsortiumCONCLUSION: We present an initial WGS-based genetic study of retinal thickness and cognitive decline in the Japanese population.

BiomarkersCONCLUSION: This means that the risk of developing gerontophthalmological diseases increases in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we can assume that the retina is a mirror of neurodegenerative changes in the brain, which will allow to diagnose the disease at early stages and with the help of drug therapy to delay further development of the…

Developing TopicsCONCLUSIONS: This study informs the rates of types of well-characterized vision impairments in a group of stroke survivors. There is a 2-fold increase in the likelihood of dementia among stroke survivors with vision impairment as compared to those without vision impairment, defined as either pre-stroke or stroke-related impairment. Future data collection in larger, more diverse…

BiomarkersCONCLUSIONS: In cognitively normal adults, there is a significant reduction in peripapillary CPD, CFI, and RNFL thickness associated with aging beyond 50 years old. Females had higher CPD values with slower rates of change in CPD and RNFL thickness. With prior studies documenting microvascular alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease, these values provide benchmarks of normal…

Emerging trends in long-acting sustained drug delivery for glaucoma managementGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress.…

New treatments for glaucomaPURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights new Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved glaucoma treatments to familiarize providers with immediately available options.

Melanin-Binding-Based Discovery of Topically Instilled Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Targeted Delivery and Prolonged Action in the EyeGlaucoma is a vision-threatening disease that is currently treated with intraocular-pressure-reducing eyedrops that are instilled once or multiple times daily. Unfortunately, the treatment is associated with low patient adherence and suboptimal treatment outcomes. We developed carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors (CAI-II) for a prolonged reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). The long action is based on the…

Repair of Descemet's membrane detachment following inadvertent intrastromal viscoelastic injection for hypotony: anterior and posterior approachesDescemet's membrane (DM) detachment is a significant, if rare, risk of intracameral injection of viscoelastic to treat hypotony after glaucoma filtration surgery. We describe two cases of DM detachment following inadvertent injection of viscoelastic into the posterior stroma and the techniques used for their repair. In both cases, conventional air tamponade failed to resolve the…

Interatrial block is an independent risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Perioperative electrocardiogram-derived parameters, especially interatrial block, are associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation. Further research is needed to clarify the link between conduction abnormalities and postoperative atrial fibrillation, enabling targeted prophylactic therapies for high-risk patients.

Treatment of pseudophakic aqueous misdirection syndromeTo describe the management and clinical course of 12 cases of pseudophakic aqueous misdirection syndrome (AMS). Twelve eyes of 12 Patients diagnosed with pseudophakic AMS between 2021 and 2022 were included. Best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), anti-glaucomatous medication, spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and postoperative complications were evaluated. The mean time of…

Advancing Glaucoma Treatment During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Contemporary Management Strategies and Prospective Therapeutic DevelopmentsThe management of glaucoma in pregnancy and breastfeeding requires a careful evaluation of treatment choices to guarantee the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This review explores the intricacies of controlling glaucoma in pregnant and breastfeeding women, including a comprehensive overview of existing glaucoma treatment methods, clinical guidelines, and future therapeutic approaches.…

Health Benefits of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Forskolin with a Special Emphasis on Glaucoma and Other Retinal DiseasesThis review highlights the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and forskolin in managing retinal diseases, with a focus on glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. EGCG, a potent polyphenol from green tea, exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, making it a promising candidate for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in ocular…

Attempted ablation of an orbital cyst in a dog with 1% polidocanol using fluoroscopy and contrast cystographyA 4-year-old female spayed mixed-breed dog received enucleation surgery of the right eye in 2018 following the diagnosis of glaucoma. The patient was presented in 2021 for recurrent swelling of the right orbit. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a cystic structure, and chemical ablation with 1% polidocanol (compounded, Stokes Pharmacy, Mt. Laurel, NJ) and contrast…

Novel Intragenic and Genomic Variants Highlight the Phenotypic Variability in <em>HCCS</em>-Related DiseaseBackground: Disruption of HCCS results in microphthalmia with linear skin lesions (MLS) characterized by microphthalmia/anophthalmia, corneal opacity, aplastic skin lesions, variable central nervous system and cardiac anomalies, intellectual disability, and poor growth in heterozygous females. Structural variants consisting of chromosomal rearrangements or deletions are the most common variant type, but a small number of intragenic…

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases Polymorphisms with Glaucoma Risk, Glaucoma Phenotype, and Response to Treatment with Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty or LatanoprostIn open-angle glaucoma, the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is caused by an increased resistance to aqueous humour outflow in the trabecular meshwork. Since genetic variability of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes may influence extracellular matrix remodelling, we investigated their association with glaucoma risk and/or response to treatment. The retrospective part of the study included patients…

A Practical and Simplified Method for Structure-Function Analysis in Patients with Glaucoma and Retinal DiseaseCONCLUSION: The combination of VRP and OCT allows for practical and accurate structure-function correlation of complex retinal disease and glaucoma. This approach is particularly valuable in identifying the contributions of confounding glaucoma and retinal disease in patients with multiple disorders.

Therapeutic Effects of Taurine and Histidine Supplementation in Retinal DiseasesAmino acids are basic building blocks of structural proteins and enzymes. They also act as signaling molecules and as fuel. They are characterized as essential if sufficient quantities must be supplied exogenously or as non-essential if they can be endogenously synthesized. Appropriate intake of amino acids not only prevents the development of metabolic diseases but…

How to Fabricate Hyaluronic Acid for Ocular Drug DeliveryThis review aims to examine existing research on the development of ocular drug delivery devices utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA). Renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility, viscoelastic properties, and ability to enhance drug bioavailability, HA is a naturally occurring biopolymer. The review discussed specific mechanisms by which HA enhances drug delivery, including prolonging drug residence time on…

Potential guidelines for cataract surgery and rehabilitation in visually impaired patients: Literature analysisCataracts can reduce the quality of vision in visually impaired patients who already have a visual impairment. The most common causes of low vision include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), high myopia (HM), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma (GL), and inherited degenerative ocular diseases. The surgery aims to improve their independence, quality of life, and ability to…

Ocular Manifestations of IBD: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Iatrogenic Associations of Emerging Treatment StrategiesInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, multisystemic disease and is associated with ocular pathology in 4-12% of patients. In general, ocular disease affects Crohn's patients more frequently than those with ulcerative colitis. Episcleritis and uveitis are the most common presentations, with episcleritis often correlating with IBD flares, whereas uveitis presents independently of IBD activity…

Czy krople na jaskrę zrewolucjonizują leczenie łysienia androgenowego? O repozycjonowaniu leku, którego efekt uboczny stał się pożądanym skutkiem terapiiProstaglandyny są hormonami występującymi niemal we wszystkich ssaczych tkankach. Jako cząsteczki sygnałowe odgrywają one kluczową rolę w regulacji wielu procesów fizjologicznych, m. in. cyklu wzrostu włosa. W artykule opisano historię odkrycia prostaglandyn, w tym prace profesora Ryszarda Gryglewskiego - odkrywcy prostacykliny. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na syntetyczny analog prostaglandyny F2α - latanoprost. Jest to lek wskazany…

Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E in Ocular Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Update on the Emerging Evidence and Therapeutic ImplicationsVitamin E is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, crucial for shielding cells against oxidative stress and damage. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to various health issues, including neurodegenerative diseases, due to its pivotal role in preserving cell membrane integrity and combating cellular oxidative damage. While its importance for overall health, including neurodegeneration, is…

Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology: From Bench to BedsideOcular diseases such as cataract, refractive error, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy significantly impact vision and quality of life worldwide. Despite advances in conventional treatments, challenges like limited bioavailability, poor patient compliance, and invasive administration methods hinder their effectiveness. Nanomedicine offers a promising solution by enhancing drug delivery to targeted ocular tissues, enabling…

Is minimally invasive glaucoma surgery killing trabeculectomies?PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The introduction of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has changed the surgical landscape of glaucoma surgery. For more than four decades, the most commonly performed glaucoma surgery around the world has been the trabeculectomy. This article examines whether trabeculectomy is still the predominant procedure in glaucoma today, in the context of rapidly…

The Carbon Footprint of Glaucoma Care With Drops or Laser FirstNo abstract

Enhanced Pain Reduction at Different Stages of Knee Osteoarthritis via Repeated Injections of Hyaluronic Acid with Niacinamide: A Comparative StudyBackground: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common joint disease, characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) injections are a well-established non-surgical treatment. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed knee OA patients receiving IAHA combined with niacinamide injections, assessing pain reduction in relation to patient data, the number of injections,…

Clinical pearls from glaucoma clinical trials: a case-based approachNo abstract

Dry eye disease and morphological changes in the anterior chamber in people with cystic fibrosisCONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a higher prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among people with CF compared to controls. The severity of the condition increases with higher systemic inflammation. Additionally, CF may affect the anterior segment of the eye, leading to a reduction in the nerve fiber layer and early signs of glaucoma.

Diabetes Mellitus: A Risk Factor in Schlemm's Canal-Based Minimally Invasive Glaucoma SurgeryObjectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the outcome of Schlemm's canal-based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Methods: In a retrospective interventional cohort study, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracameral bleeding were analyzed in 25 diabetic patients and 84 non-diabetic patients, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)…

Characteristics and Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Treatment of Failed Endothelial KeratoplastyCONCLUSIONS: DMEK for failed EK provided rapid visual rehabilitation with low risk of rejection. Graft survival was associated with glaucoma status and original indication for keratoplasty, with Fuchs dystrophy having the most favorable prognosis. Survival rates were highest in eyes treated for early failure of an initial EK.

Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetryCONCLUSION: Movie-viewing pupil perimetry is promising in providing complementary information for the diagnosis of VFDs, especially for those who are unable to perform conventional perimetry.

One-Year Outcomes of Trabeculotomy with 120, 180, or 360 Schlemm's Canal Incision for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective StudyBackground/Objectives: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), if caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), may require a trabeculotomy (LOT), in which the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (ISC) are incised. However, the association between the incision angle and outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the surgical outcomes of a trabeculotomy combined with cataract…

Early postoperative bevacizumab for preventing neovascular glaucoma in phacovitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathyTo evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in preventing neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and identify associated risk factors in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing phacovitrectomy. Patients with PDR who underwent phacovitrectomy were enrolled and categorized into two subgroups based on their postoperative treatment regimen: one group received IVB within 2 months following…

Role of topological indices in predictive modeling and ranking of drugs treating eye disordersTopological indices (TIs) of chemical graphs of drugs hold the potential to compute important properties and biological activities leading to more thoughtful drug design. Here, we considered certain drugs treating eye-related disorders, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. By combining modeling and decision-makings approaches, this study presents a cost-effective way to comprehend the…

Meta-Analysis of MINIject vs. Two iStents as Standalone Treatment for Glaucoma with 24 Months of Follow-UpBackground: This study compares the long-term intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of standalone MINIject (iSTAR Medical, Belgium) suprachoroidal implantation and two iStent (Glaukos, CA, USA) trabecular bypass implantation using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic review of standalone implantation of MINIject or iStent inject with at least 24 months of follow up. The mean and…

The evaluation of targeted exome sequencing of candidate genes in a Han Chinese population with primary open-angle glaucomaPrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), known as a common ocular disease with genetic heterogeneity, is characterized by progressive optic disc atrophy and visual field defects. This study aimed to assess the contribution of previously reported POAG-associated genes and investigate potential functional variations and genotype-phenotype correlations in a Han Chinese population. DNA from 500 cases and 500…

Potential Causal Association Between Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation StudyBackground: A few studies have reported controversial relationships between atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/L) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between AF/L and POAG. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with exposure to AF/L were selected as instrumental variables with significance (p < 5.0 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study…

In Vitro Analysis of Pressure Resistance in the Paul Glaucoma Implant and Ahmed ClearPath 250 With and Without Polypropylene Thread Inside the TubeCONCLUSIONS: Inserting polypropylene threads into the tubes of nonvalved glaucoma drainage devices significantly affects pressure resistance with various degree.

Surgical Synergy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Assessing Safety and Efficacy of Hydrus, iStent, and Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy in Glaucoma ManagementBackground/Objectives: This paper will compare the outcomes-safety and efficacy-of three minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs),the Hydrus Microstent, iStent, and Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT), for intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: A literature search of Ovid Medline and Embase identified studies evaluating the Hydrus, iStent, and GATT. Data on IOP…

Advances in adhesive hydrogels applied for ophthalmology: An overview focused on the treatmentAdhesive hydrogels, composed of hydrophilic polymers arranged in a three-dimensional network, have emerged as a pivotal innovation in ophthalmology due to their ability to securely adhere to ocular tissues while providing sustained therapeutic effects. The eye, with its delicate structure and specific needs, presents unique challenges for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. This review explores…

Colloid-Forming Prodrug-Hydrogel Composite Prolongs Lower Intraocular Pressure in Rodent Eyes after Subconjunctival InjectionColloidal drug aggregates (CDAs) are challenging in drug discovery due to their unpredictable formation and interference with screening assays. These limitations are turned into a strategic advantage by leveraging CDAs as a drug delivery platform. This study explores the deliberate formation and stabilization of CDAs for local ocular drug delivery, using a modified smallmolecule glaucoma…

High Glucose-Induced Transcriptomic Changes in Human Trabecular Meshwork CellsGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a significant risk factor for glaucoma; however, the molecular mechanisms through which hyperglycemia affects TM function remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of high glucose on gene…

Practice patterns among ophthalmic surgeons in treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions in preoperative period: A questionnaire-based studyCONCLUSION: Approximately 50% of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves, seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions. Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery. Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal…

3D Finite Element Modeling of Femtosecond Laser TrabeculotomyCONCLUSIONS: The 3D FEM developed in this study provided an adequate simulation of the IOP reduction of the FLigHT treatment, demonstrating its predictive power regarding drainage channel geometry and subsequent IOP reduction. The results indicate that the model has the potential to aid the design of clinical FLigHT procedures.

Association between gene polymorphisms and glaucoma susceptibility among Africans: a systematic review and meta-analysisCONCLUSION: Although progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of glaucoma, several gene mutations related to glaucoma pathogenesis in Africans are yet to be discovered, especially those associated with the pathogenesis of POAG, the most prevalent glaucoma subtype in Africa.

Risk of depression in glaucoma patients with vision impairment: A nationwide cohort studyCONCLUSIONS: Primary open-angle glaucoma increased the risk of developing depression. The risk escalated gradually with the presence and severity of concurrent vision impairment. The impact of glaucoma and vision impairment on new-onset depression was greater in men and in those with less comorbidities.

Prophylactic barrage laser in patients with previous vitreous loss during cataract surgery: a randomized clinical trialCONCLUSION: Prophylactic barrage laser might be a useful intervention in eyes with posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss during cataract surgery to prevent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are indicated.

Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy Presented as Bilateral Neovascular GlaucomaSusac is a rare systemic disease characterized by ischemic events involving the cochlea, brain, and retina. Delay in the diagnosis leads to sight-threatening complications such as neovascular glaucoma.

Multiparametric grading of glaucoma severity by histopathology can enable post-mortem substratification of disease stateNeurodegeneration in glaucoma patients is clinically identified through longitudinal assessment of structure-function changes, including intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratios from fundus images, and optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Use of human post-mortem ocular tissue for basic research is rising in the glaucoma field, yet there are challenges in assessing disease stage…

An Atypical Finding of Peripheral Retinal Ischemia and Neovascularization in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case ReportNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic multisystem phakomatosis that can affect the skin, bones, and nervous system. NF1 typically presents with skin lesions, including freckles, café-au-lait macules, plexiform neurofibromas, and bony dysplasia, and is usually accompanied by a family history of the disorder. Ocular manifestations vary, but iris Lisch nodules and optic…

Induction of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Mouse Eye ModelIschemia-reperfusion injuries are known to cause a range of retinal pathologies, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinal vascular occlusions, and other vaso-occlusive conditions. This manuscript presents a method for inducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model. The method utilized anterior chamber cannulation attached to a saline reservoir, generating hydrostatic pressure to raise the intraocular pressure to…

Effect of first-line and second-line selective laser trabeculoplasty on corneal hysteresis in patients with normal tension glaucoma: a multicenter studyNo abstract

General retinal layer segmentation in OCT images via reinforcement constraintThe change of layer thickness of retina is closely associated with the development of ocular diseases such as glaucoma and optic disc drusen. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used technology to visualize the lamellar structures of retina. Accurate segmentation of retinal lamellar structures is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and related research of ocular…

Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on primary-angle closure glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma pathophysiologyNo abstract

Association of Blood Pressure and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Rates of Thinning in Patients with Moderate to Advanced GlaucomaCONCLUSIONS: Low BP and higher IOP at baseline predicted faster (worse) RNFL rates of change in glaucoma patients with central damage or moderate to advanced disease. While there may be potential benefits to BP management in glaucoma patients, the therapeutic value of BP manipulation in glaucoma patients is yet to be established given the proven…

Gene therapy for visual function recoveryGlaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of blindness, but currently no fundamental treatment has been present. The main treatment is to reduce intraocular pressure, which is expected to delay the progression of the disease. However, there are many glaucoma patients for whom progression cannot be controlled by lowering intraocular pressure alone,…

Physiological change in ganglion cell inner plexiform layer and nerve fibre layer thickness over six yearsCONCLUSION: Our population cohort provides data on physiological thinning of GCIPL and RNFL with age. Differentiating physiological changes in GCIPL and RNFL is important for more accurate clinical assessment.

Lights and Shadows of Cytokines in Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Narrative Literature ReviewThe eye is considered to be an immune-privileged region. However, several parts of the eye have distinct mechanisms for delivering immune cells to the injury sites or even in response to aging. Although these immune responses are intended to be protective, the visual acuity can be compromised by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by immune…

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases the risk of primary open-angle glaucomaCONCLUSIONS: Severe MASLD was longitudinally associated with an increased risk of incident POAG, with MR analyses suggesting a potential causal link. These findings suggest POAG examination should be considered in the holistic management of MASLD, and further underscore the impact of the liver on eye health.

Topical Netarsudil in Childhood Glaucoma: A Systematic ReviewCONCLUSION: Limited literature is currently available on using topical netarsudil in childhood glaucoma. However, in children with refractory glaucoma on maximum topical medications, netarsudil may serve as an adjunctive treatment option, potentially delaying the need for further surgical interventions in some patients. Careful corneal examination is needed before and after initiation of netarsudil treatment for…

Molecular aspects of cytoprotection by Optineurin during stress and diseaseOptineurin/OPTN is an adapter protein that plays a crucial role in mediating many cellular functions, including autophagy, vesicle trafficking, and various signalling pathways. Mutations of OPTN are linked with neurodegenerative disorders, glaucoma, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent work has shown that OPTN provides cytoprotection from many types of stress, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum…

Basic Science and PathogenesisCONCLUSION: We present an initial WGS-based genetic study of retinal thickness and cognitive decline in the Japanese population.

Machine Learning Approaches in High Myopia: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCONCLUSIONS: ML demonstrated highly promising accuracy in diagnosing high myopia and pathologic myopia. Moreover, based on the limited evidence available, we also found that ML appeared to have favorable accuracy in predicting the risk of developing high myopia in the future. DL can be used as a potential method for intelligent image processing and intelligent…

Basic Science and PathogenesisCONCLUSION: Thus far, this data indicates the activation of apoptotic and autophagy signaling pathways concomitant to the presence of mislocated and phosphorylated TDP-43. Altogether, this indicates that the rNLS8 transgenic mouse line serves as a good model to evaluate the pathophysiological consequences of TDP-43 mislocalization in retina cells and its role in optic nerve degeneration.

Slow-Coagulation Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation in Pseudoexfoliation GlaucomaCONCLUSIONS: SC-TSCPC is an effective, relatively safe, and repeatable surgical treatment option in PXG. Further prospective investigations are suggested to confirm these findings.

Discrepancy and agreement between subjective symptoms and visual field impairment in glaucoma patients at a driving assessment clinicWe investigated subjective symptoms during driving in 227 glaucoma patients at a driving assessment clinic. Patients underwent testing with the Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 (HFA 24-2) and a driving simulator (DS) with eye tracking. Patients reported whether they experienced symptoms during daily driving, such as fear or difficulty seeing under certain conditions. The integrated visual…

Assessment of glaucoma with retinal nerve fiber layer optical density ratios from volumetric optical coherence tomography across various analytical radiiCONCLUSIONS: RNFL ODRs by OCT imaging could serve as a valuable tool for detecting retinal nerve fiber defects in glaucomatous eyes.

Comparison of glaucoma progression rate in glaucoma patients at different stages using guided progression analysis with optical coherence tomographyCONCLUSIONS: The rates of GCIPL and RNFL thinning were highest in patients with PXG. We found that the glaucoma stage did not affect the rate of RNFL and GCIPL thinning.

Malignant Transformation of a Choroidal NevusChoroidal nevus is the most common intraocular tumor, and most cases are benign and have no symptoms. However, choroidal nevus carries a low risk for transformation into melanoma, which is a highly aggressive and deadly cancer. In this case report, we present a male patient with blurred vision in his left eye for six months.…

Quality of Life in Patients With Acquired Anophthalmia Using an Ocular ProsthesisCONCLUSIONS: Among patients with anophthalmia wearing an ocular prosthesis, the etiology of anophthalmia was significantly associated with the Global Ocular Prosthesis Score. Employment status, etiology of anophthalmia, gender, and level of education were also observed to have statistically significant associations with subdomain scores. Knowledge of these factors moving forward may help the surgeon manage expectations,…

Simple reaction time to visual and auditory stimulation in glaucomaCONCLUSION: This study suggests that the reduced processing speed in glaucoma cannot be attributed to motor or attentional impairments and probably results from a delay in the transmission of visual information.

A pupillary image dataset: 10,000 annotated and 258,790 non-annotated images of patients with glaucoma, diabetes, and subjects influenced by alcohol, coupled with a segmentation performance evaluationThe Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) is the involuntary movement of the pupil adapting to lighting conditions. The measurement and qualification of this information have a broad impact in different fields. Thanks to technological advancements and algorithms, obtaining accurate and non-invasive records of pupillary movements is now possible, expanding practical applications. Visual attention tracking enables the…

Geographic Distribution of US Ophthalmic Surgical SubspecialistsCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cross-sectional study between 2012 and 2022 identified higher proportions of rural patients compared with rural surgeons. Percentages of rural surgeons declined over time, with female surgeons and recent medical school graduates less likely to practice rurally. This suggests a disparity in the number of rural subspecialist surgeons available to serve rural…

A water-soluble drug nanoparticle-loaded in situ gel for enhanced precorneal retention and its transduction mechanism of pharmacodynamic effectsTimolol maleate (TM), a hydrophilic small molecule, is widely used in the clinical management of glaucoma. However, the complex physiological barriers of the eyes result in suboptimal bioavailability for traditional ophthalmic formulations. To address these challenges, we have developed an innovative pharmaceutical formulation. The nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated by a multi-step optimization process involving a…

FYN regulates aqueous humor outflow and IOP through the phosphorylation of VE-CADHERINSchlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) serve as the final barrier to aqueous humor (AQH) drainage from the eye. SECs adjust permeability to AQH outflow to modulate intraocular pressure (IOP). The broad identification of IOP-related genes implicates SECs in glaucoma. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SECs sense and respond to pressure changes to regulate fluid…

Genome sequencing reveals novel variants in a diverse population with congenital anterior segment anomaliesCongenital anterior segment anomalies are disorders that affect the development of the eye and cause severe visual impairment. The molecular basis of congenital anterior segment anomalies is not well known. In this study, genome sequencing was performed on 27 families from diverse ethnicities with congenital anterior segment anomalies and 11 variants were identified, most of…

Trabecular meshwork ultrastructural changes in primary and secondary glaucomaTo examine ultrastructural changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was a qualitative descriptive hospital-based study on the ultrastructure of the TM. Pure TM samples were collected after microincisional trabeculectomy from 26 patients with primary or secondary glaucoma and 10 control samples from…

Automated analysis for glaucoma screening of retinal videos acquired with smartphone-based ophthalmoscope Widespread screening is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. The development of portable technologies, such as smartphone-based ophthalmoscopes, able to image the optical nerve head, represents a resource for large-scale glaucoma screening. Indeed, they consist of an optical device attached to a common smartphone,…

Association between age at diagnosis of diabetes and ocular disease: Insights from a recent article In this article, we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases. The study, which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data, highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and vision loss,…

Prospective study on the role of preoperative mannitol in capsulorhexis and reducing intraoperative complications in primary angle-closure disease surgery CONCLUSION: Preoperative intravenous mannitol can reduce the risk of intraoperative complications and improve postoperative outcomes in patients with PACG. Factors including anterior chamber depth, incision location and method, and the zonule status significantly influence the capsulorhexis process.

A decade of intracapsular cataract extraction: Clinical profile and visual outcomes at Hospital Melaka, Malaysia CONCLUSION: The incidence of ICCE was low, accounting for only 0.66% of the 21,596 cataract surgeries performed at Hospital Melaka, Malaysia, during the study period. The primary indication was senile cataracts with weak zonular support. Most patients achieved favourable visual outcomes at 12 weeks postsurgery following IOL implantation, with the iris-claw IOL showing superior postoperative…

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure dip and beta-parapapillary atrophy zone choroidal vessel density in normal-tension glaucoma patients CONCLUSION: Over-dippers presented with lower pCVD than non-dippers or dippers as measured by OCTA choroidal images. Low pCVD was a predictor of "over-dipper" cases and associated with a greater percentage of nocturnal MAP dip in NTG patients. 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring may provide further information for detecting low pCVD in NTG patients with nocturnal BP…

Radius-Maumenee syndrome (idiopathic dilated episcleral vessels) CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: RMS is a diagnosis of exclusion, based on clinical findings and imaging exams. Treatment includes eyes drops and surgery in refractory cases.

Enhancing glaucoma diagnosis: Generative adversarial networks in synthesized imagery and classification with pretrained MobileNetV2 The disease affects the optic nerve and represents the principle reasons of irreversible vision loss, mostly asymptomatic and uncontrolled. Consequently, early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent or reduce its effect, however, conventional diagnostic techniques often fail to provide concrete results. In this regard, we present a new approach built on Generative Adversarial Networks…

Control values of intraocular pressure in different species: a review of literature It is generally accepted that intraocular pressure (IOP) depends on the rate of aqueous humor production, system outflow resistance, and episcleral venous pressure. Therefore, control IOP values are expected to be within the strict and predictable limits in specific animal species, and there should be no vast differences between species. However, in the literature the…

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients With the Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study assessing OCTA in KPro patients and identified a higher incidence of artifacts that may be associated with the KPro optic. About 33% of KPro images were useable for microvascular measurements, supporting further OCTA research in this population to assess vascular pathology of glaucoma.

Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and the True Rate of Functional and Structural Progression in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study CONCLUSIONS: VF appeared to deteriorate at a faster rate than structural measurements. However, this could be explained by the floor-effect from nonfunctional tissue. IOP induced a similar acceleration in RoP per mm Hg increase.

In vivo imaging of mitochondrial function in normal, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes To investigate macula and optic nerve head (ONH) mitochondrial metabolic activity using flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) in normal, glaucoma suspect (GS), and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes we performed a cross-sectional, observational study of FPF in normal, GS, and OAG eyes. The macula and ONH of each eye was scanned and analyzed with a commercially available FPF…

Identification of mutation of MYOC (c.1099G>A), a pedigree pathogenic gene of juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG): A case report RATIONALE: The MYOC gene is associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). This study aims to provide genetic counseling for a Chinese JOAG family by detecting MYOC mutations to identify high-risk individuals for early JOAG intervention. It also supplements the clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients with MYOC gene mutations.

Nationwide cohort study of primary open angle glaucoma risk and cardiovascular factors among in Korean glaucoma suspects This retrospective study investigated the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among individuals identified as glaucoma suspects and examined associated cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a longitudinal, nationwide cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and included 362,285 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korean National Health Screening Program…

Phenotype and genetic spectrum of six Indian patients with bestrophinopathyThe aim of this study is to describe genotype and phenotype of patients with bestrophinopathy. The case records were reviewed retrospectively, findings of multimodal imaging such as color fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, electrophysiological, and genetic tests were noted. Twelve eyes of six patients from distinct Indian families with molecular diagnosis were…

Coats disease presenting with vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucomaCONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: We report a patient with a unique presentation of advanced Coats disease. By highlighting the treatment approach and potential factors that led to the preservation of visual function, we hope to expand the literature on the diagnosis and management of Coats disease.

Longitudinal corneal hysteresis changes predict structural progression in medically controlled, early-to-moderate, open-angle glaucoma with a history of refractive surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal decrease in CH over time was greater in those showing structural progression than those without progression among medically controlled, early-to-moderate OAG with a history of LRS. Decrease in CH was significantly associated with faster RNFL loss. Larger CH changes indicate a higher risk of OAG progression in those with a history of LRS.

Normal tension glaucoma as initial manifestation of Takayasu arteritis- an unknown entityCONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in patients with NTG and the need to consider systemic conditions, such as TA, as potential underlying cause in young female patients presenting with NTG.

Visually significant ocular decompression retinopathy following laser peripheral iridotomy in a patient with primary acute angle-closure glaucomaCONCLUSIONS: We report on a patient who developed visually significant ODR following Nd:YAG LPI. Recognizing this condition and distinguishing it from similar conditions, including central retinal vein occlusion, is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatment. Ancillary imaging including fluorescein angiography and ocular coherence tomography is helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

Enhanced diabetic retinopathy detection using U-shaped network and capsule network-driven deep learningGlaucoma, a severe eye disease leading to irreversible vision loss if untreated, remains a significant challenge in healthcare due to the complexity of its detection. Traditional methods rely on clinical examinations of fundus images, assessing features like optic cup and disc sizes, rim thickness, and other ocular deformities. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have introduced…

The Effect of Blood Pressure on Rates of Progression in Focal Ischemic versus Generalized Cup Enlargement Glaucoma PhenotypesCONCLUSION: Lower systemic BP levels were associated with faster RNFL thinning in the FI optic disc phenotype, but not in the GE phenotype. These findings highlight the importance of considering both IOP and systemic BP when managing patients with the FI optic disc phenotype.

How to diagnose glaucoma in myopic eyes by detecting structural changes?Myopia is rapidly escalating globally, especially in East and Southeast Asia, where its prevalence among younger populations reaches alarming levels of 80 to 90%. This surge contributes to a myopia epidemic linked to several ocular complications, including glaucoma. As myopic individuals age, the risk of developing glaucoma increases, and an additional concern arises from the…

Association between four anthropometric indices with age-related Macular Degeneration from NHANES 2005-2008CONCLUSION: This study confirmed a increased risk between four anthropometric measures, including WtHR, BRI, CI, and WWI, with AMD, especially early AMD. The findings suggest that these four anthropometric indices should be more broadly utilized to improve early AMD prevention and treatment strategies. Additionally, we found that the positive association between these four body measurement…

FABP5 regulates ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome in glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxic glaucomatous modelFatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a class of small molecular mass intracellular lipid chaperone proteins that bind to hydrophobic ligands, such as long-chain fatty acids. FABP5 expression was significantly upregulated in the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) model, the microbead-induced chronic glaucoma model, and the DBA/2J mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that FABP5 can mediate mitochondrial…

Glaucoma Screening and Referral Risk Factors in a High-Risk Population: Follow-up Study of the Manhattan Vision Screening Study (NYC-SIGHT)CONCLUSION: Our findings support public health approaches that focus community-based eye health screenings on high-risk populations and prioritize underserved communities.

Systematic application of saliency maps to explain the decisions of convolutional neural networks for glaucoma diagnosis based on disc and cup geometryThis paper systematically evaluates saliency methods as explainability tools for convolutional neural networks trained to diagnose glaucoma using simplified eye fundus images that contain only disc and cup outlines. These simplified images, a methodological novelty, were used to relate features highlighted in the saliency maps to the geometrical clues that experts consider in glaucoma diagnosis.…

Xen 63 versus Preserflo MicroShunt implant in patients with primary open-angle glaucomaThis study compared the efficacy safety profiles of the Xen 63 and Preserflo MicroShunt devices, both standalone, in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It is a retrospective and single-center study conducted on consecutive on patients with medically uncontrolled POAG who underwent either a standalone Xen 63 or a standalone Preserflo and had a 12-month…

Outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex<sup>®</sup>) in patients with post-surgical macular edema - a real-world scenarioCONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal Ozurdex implants significantly improved functional and structural aspects in post-surgical macular edema. The timing of implantation influenced VA improvement, with a distinct step approach showing better outcomes than at the time of oil removal.

Combined Phacoemulsification, Goniosynechialysis and Ab Interno Trabeculectomy in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma: Long-term ResultsObjective: This research was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ab-interno trabeculectomy (Trabectome and Kahook Dual Blade) combined with phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and goniosynechialysis in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Methods: A total of 47 patients were included in the study and all the patients received the combined surgery. Intraocular pressure, anti-glaucoma…

Generation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Reprogrammed Keratocytes of Non-Glaucoma and Glaucoma DonorsHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling can be successfully recapitulated to mimic disease characteristics across various human pathologies. Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy, primarily affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). While multiple groups have successfully generated RGCs from non-diseased hiPSCs, producing RGCs from glaucomatous human samples holds significant promise for understanding disease pathology…

Alzheimer's Imaging ConsortiumCONCLUSION: We present an initial WGS-based genetic study of retinal thickness and cognitive decline in the Japanese population.

Developing TopicsCONCLUSION: In a cohort of community-dwelling older Latinos, we found that visual field loss is associated with cognitive impairment. Vision-related driving difficulty was identified as a more important mediator than social functioning, dependency, and mental health.

BiomarkersCONCLUSION: This means that the risk of developing gerontophthalmological diseases increases in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we can assume that the retina is a mirror of neurodegenerative changes in the brain, which will allow to diagnose the disease at early stages and with the help of drug therapy to delay further development of the…

BiomarkersCONCLUSIONS: In cognitively normal adults, there is a significant reduction in peripapillary CPD, CFI, and RNFL thickness associated with aging beyond 50 years old. Females had higher CPD values with slower rates of change in CPD and RNFL thickness. With prior studies documenting microvascular alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease, these values provide benchmarks of normal…

Repair of Descemet's membrane detachment following inadvertent intrastromal viscoelastic injection for hypotony: anterior and posterior approachesDescemet's membrane (DM) detachment is a significant, if rare, risk of intracameral injection of viscoelastic to treat hypotony after glaucoma filtration surgery. We describe two cases of DM detachment following inadvertent injection of viscoelastic into the posterior stroma and the techniques used for their repair. In both cases, conventional air tamponade failed to resolve the…

Treatment of pseudophakic aqueous misdirection syndromeTo describe the management and clinical course of 12 cases of pseudophakic aqueous misdirection syndrome (AMS). Twelve eyes of 12 Patients diagnosed with pseudophakic AMS between 2021 and 2022 were included. Best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), anti-glaucomatous medication, spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and postoperative complications were evaluated. The mean time of…

A Practical and Simplified Method for Structure-Function Analysis in Patients with Glaucoma and Retinal DiseaseCONCLUSION: The combination of VRP and OCT allows for practical and accurate structure-function correlation of complex retinal disease and glaucoma. This approach is particularly valuable in identifying the contributions of confounding glaucoma and retinal disease in patients with multiple disorders.

Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetryCONCLUSION: Movie-viewing pupil perimetry is promising in providing complementary information for the diagnosis of VFDs, especially for those who are unable to perform conventional perimetry.

Ocular Manifestations of IBD: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Iatrogenic Associations of Emerging Treatment StrategiesInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, multisystemic disease and is associated with ocular pathology in 4-12% of patients. In general, ocular disease affects Crohn's patients more frequently than those with ulcerative colitis. Episcleritis and uveitis are the most common presentations, with episcleritis often correlating with IBD flares, whereas uveitis presents independently of IBD activity…

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases Polymorphisms with Glaucoma Risk, Glaucoma Phenotype, and Response to Treatment with Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty or LatanoprostIn open-angle glaucoma, the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is caused by an increased resistance to aqueous humour outflow in the trabecular meshwork. Since genetic variability of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes may influence extracellular matrix remodelling, we investigated their association with glaucoma risk and/or response to treatment. The retrospective part of the study included patients…

Attempted ablation of an orbital cyst in a dog with 1% polidocanol using fluoroscopy and contrast cystographyA 4-year-old female spayed mixed-breed dog received enucleation surgery of the right eye in 2018 following the diagnosis of glaucoma. The patient was presented in 2021 for recurrent swelling of the right orbit. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a cystic structure, and chemical ablation with 1% polidocanol (compounded, Stokes Pharmacy, Mt. Laurel, NJ) and contrast…

Risk of depression in glaucoma patients with vision impairment: A nationwide cohort studyCONCLUSIONS: Primary open-angle glaucoma increased the risk of developing depression. The risk escalated gradually with the presence and severity of concurrent vision impairment. The impact of glaucoma and vision impairment on new-onset depression was greater in men and in those with less comorbidities.

Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy Presented as Bilateral Neovascular GlaucomaSusac is a rare systemic disease characterized by ischemic events involving the cochlea, brain, and retina. Delay in the diagnosis leads to sight-threatening complications such as neovascular glaucoma.

An Atypical Finding of Peripheral Retinal Ischemia and Neovascularization in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case ReportNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic multisystem phakomatosis that can affect the skin, bones, and nervous system. NF1 typically presents with skin lesions, including freckles, café-au-lait macules, plexiform neurofibromas, and bony dysplasia, and is usually accompanied by a family history of the disorder. Ocular manifestations vary, but iris Lisch nodules and optic…

Prophylactic barrage laser in patients with previous vitreous loss during cataract surgery: a randomized clinical trialCONCLUSION: Prophylactic barrage laser might be a useful intervention in eyes with posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss during cataract surgery to prevent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are indicated.

Multiparametric grading of glaucoma severity by histopathology can enable post-mortem substratification of disease stateNeurodegeneration in glaucoma patients is clinically identified through longitudinal assessment of structure-function changes, including intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratios from fundus images, and optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Use of human post-mortem ocular tissue for basic research is rising in the glaucoma field, yet there are challenges in assessing disease stage…

General retinal layer segmentation in OCT images via reinforcement constraintThe change of layer thickness of retina is closely associated with the development of ocular diseases such as glaucoma and optic disc drusen. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used technology to visualize the lamellar structures of retina. Accurate segmentation of retinal lamellar structures is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and related research of ocular…

A pupillary image dataset: 10,000 annotated and 258,790 non-annotated images of patients with glaucoma, diabetes, and subjects influenced by alcohol, coupled with a segmentation performance evaluationThe Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) is the involuntary movement of the pupil adapting to lighting conditions. The measurement and qualification of this information have a broad impact in different fields. Thanks to technological advancements and algorithms, obtaining accurate and non-invasive records of pupillary movements is now possible, expanding practical applications. Visual attention tracking enables the…

Machine Learning Approaches in High Myopia: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCONCLUSIONS: ML demonstrated highly promising accuracy in diagnosing high myopia and pathologic myopia. Moreover, based on the limited evidence available, we also found that ML appeared to have favorable accuracy in predicting the risk of developing high myopia in the future. DL can be used as a potential method for intelligent image processing and intelligent…

Discrepancy and agreement between subjective symptoms and visual field impairment in glaucoma patients at a driving assessment clinicWe investigated subjective symptoms during driving in 227 glaucoma patients at a driving assessment clinic. Patients underwent testing with the Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 (HFA 24-2) and a driving simulator (DS) with eye tracking. Patients reported whether they experienced symptoms during daily driving, such as fear or difficulty seeing under certain conditions. The integrated visual…

Comparison of glaucoma progression rate in glaucoma patients at different stages using guided progression analysis with optical coherence tomographyCONCLUSIONS: The rates of GCIPL and RNFL thinning were highest in patients with PXG. We found that the glaucoma stage did not affect the rate of RNFL and GCIPL thinning.

Assessment of glaucoma with retinal nerve fiber layer optical density ratios from volumetric optical coherence tomography across various analytical radiiCONCLUSIONS: RNFL ODRs by OCT imaging could serve as a valuable tool for detecting retinal nerve fiber defects in glaucomatous eyes.

Malignant Transformation of a Choroidal NevusChoroidal nevus is the most common intraocular tumor, and most cases are benign and have no symptoms. However, choroidal nevus carries a low risk for transformation into melanoma, which is a highly aggressive and deadly cancer. In this case report, we present a male patient with blurred vision in his left eye for six months.…

Basic Science and PathogenesisCONCLUSION: We present an initial WGS-based genetic study of retinal thickness and cognitive decline in the Japanese population.

Editorial: The diagnoses of glaucoma in the era of artificial intelligenceNo abstract

Genome sequencing reveals novel variants in a diverse population with congenital anterior segment anomaliesCongenital anterior segment anomalies are disorders that affect the development of the eye and cause severe visual impairment. The molecular basis of congenital anterior segment anomalies is not well known. In this study, genome sequencing was performed on 27 families from diverse ethnicities with congenital anterior segment anomalies and 11 variants were identified, most of…

Trabecular meshwork ultrastructural changes in primary and secondary glaucomaTo examine ultrastructural changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was a qualitative descriptive hospital-based study on the ultrastructure of the TM. Pure TM samples were collected after microincisional trabeculectomy from 26 patients with primary or secondary glaucoma and 10 control samples from…

Cataracts extraction combined with multifocal intraocular lens optic implantation in Berger space in school-age children with cataractsObjective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cataract extraction combined with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) optic implantation in Berger space in school-age children with cataracts. Methods: It was a prospective study. The clinical data of school-age children with cataract who underwent cataract extraction combined with multifocal IOL implantation at Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong…

Peculiarities of the time of manifestation of a number of diseases in the periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic according to the data of municipal polyclinics of Sakhalin region.The topic of the timing of the manifestation of age-associated diseases (as an indirect indicator of accelerated population aging) after the transfer of COVID-19 remains an urgent area in scientific research. Early targeted diagnosis can significantly reduce the consequences of pathology, in connection with which the features of the manifestation of various nosologies in the…

Artificial intelligence and glaucoma: a lucid and comprehensive reviewGlaucoma is a pathologically irreversible eye illness in the realm of ophthalmic diseases. Because it is difficult to detect concealed and non-obvious progressive changes, clinical diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is extremely challenging. At the same time, screening and monitoring for glaucoma disease progression are crucial. Artificial intelligence technology has advanced rapidly in all fields,…

An assessment of bacterial transmission via rebound tonometry: An <em>in vitro</em> pilot studyCONCLUSION: The results indicate that bacterial transmission via rebound tonometer probes is possible. Although this was an in vitro study, the findings raise concerns about cross-contamination in clinical practice. Changing tonometer probes between patients, particularly after those with bacterial ulcerative keratitis is advised until further investigation into the in vivo bacterial transmission is investigated.

Assessing clinical and morphological features of megalotrichosis induced by Tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus Prostaglandins analoguesCONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that TKI-induced MT presents faster than PGs-induced MT and might be more bothering to patients. Knowledge of the morphological and clinical features that characterize each form of MT might be beneficial for patients and guide clinicians for intervention when needed. Larger cohorts are needed to reproduce and clarify our findings.

Assessing Serum Lipid Levels in Patients Diagnosed With Primary Open-Angle GlaucomaCONCLUSION: Dyslipidemia appears to be an independent risk factor for POAG, with higher serum lipid levels strongly linked to the presence of the condition.

Circadian Disruption in Glaucoma: Causes, Consequences, and CountermeasuresThis review explores the intricate relationship between glaucoma and circadian rhythm disturbances. As a principal organ for photic signal reception and transduction, the eye plays a pivotal role in coordinating the body's circadian rhythms through specialized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), particularly intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs). These cells are critical in transmitting light signals to the…

The relationship between neuropsychological indicators and neuroimaging changes according to MRI morphometry in patients with Alzheimer's disease and glaucomaCONCLUSION: POAG can be considered not only as an independent disease, but also as a predictor of the development of AD, therefore, the statistically significant differences we obtained between the AD group and POAG according to MRI morphometry may reflect the dynamics of the neurodegenerative process and depend on the severity of CI. In this…

Automated analysis for glaucoma screening of retinal videos acquired with smartphone-based ophthalmoscope Widespread screening is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. The development of portable technologies, such as smartphone-based ophthalmoscopes, able to image the optical nerve head, represents a resource for large-scale glaucoma screening. Indeed, they consist of an optical device attached to a common smartphone,…

Presumed Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Neovascular Glaucoma: A Case SeriesCONCLUSIONS: Patients responded well to prompt immunosuppression and preserved vision in the sympathising eye. Steroid-sparing medication could not be stopped due to inflammation flare-ups and risk of visual loss. There could be a potential link between breakdown of the blood-retina barrier prior to the development of SO and sustained inflammatory reaction.

Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma Treatment: A Review Bridging the Gap in Veterinary PatientsRetinal diseases are characterized by progressive damage to retinal cells, leading to irreversible vision loss. Among these, glaucoma stands out as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving elevated intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and optic nerve damage, ultimately resulting in blindness in both humans and dogs. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic…

Emerging trends in long-acting sustained drug delivery for glaucoma managementGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress.…

Insights on the Genetic and Phenotypic Complexities of Optic NeuropathiesBackground/Objectives: Optic neuropathies are a category of illnesses that ultimately cause damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment and possible blindness. Disorders such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA), Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and glaucoma demonstrate intricate genetic foundations and varied phenotypic manifestations. This narrative review study seeks to consolidate existing knowledge on…

Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetryCONCLUSION: Movie-viewing pupil perimetry is promising in providing complementary information for the diagnosis of VFDs, especially for those who are unable to perform conventional perimetry.

High Glucose-Induced Transcriptomic Changes in Human Trabecular Meshwork CellsGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a significant risk factor for glaucoma; however, the molecular mechanisms through which hyperglycemia affects TM function remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of high glucose on gene…

Lights and Shadows of Cytokines in Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Narrative Literature ReviewThe eye is considered to be an immune-privileged region. However, several parts of the eye have distinct mechanisms for delivering immune cells to the injury sites or even in response to aging. Although these immune responses are intended to be protective, the visual acuity can be compromised by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by immune…

Gene therapy for visual function recoveryGlaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of blindness, but currently no fundamental treatment has been present. The main treatment is to reduce intraocular pressure, which is expected to delay the progression of the disease. However, there are many glaucoma patients for whom progression cannot be controlled by lowering intraocular pressure alone,…

Basic Science and PathogenesisCONCLUSION: Thus far, this data indicates the activation of apoptotic and autophagy signaling pathways concomitant to the presence of mislocated and phosphorylated TDP-43. Altogether, this indicates that the rNLS8 transgenic mouse line serves as a good model to evaluate the pathophysiological consequences of TDP-43 mislocalization in retina cells and its role in optic nerve degeneration.

FYN regulates aqueous humor outflow and IOP through the phosphorylation of VE-CADHERINSchlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) serve as the final barrier to aqueous humor (AQH) drainage from the eye. SECs adjust permeability to AQH outflow to modulate intraocular pressure (IOP). The broad identification of IOP-related genes implicates SECs in glaucoma. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SECs sense and respond to pressure changes to regulate fluid…

Genome sequencing reveals novel variants in a diverse population with congenital anterior segment anomaliesCongenital anterior segment anomalies are disorders that affect the development of the eye and cause severe visual impairment. The molecular basis of congenital anterior segment anomalies is not well known. In this study, genome sequencing was performed on 27 families from diverse ethnicities with congenital anterior segment anomalies and 11 variants were identified, most of…

Evaluating the Influence of Clinical Data on Inter-Observer Variability in Optic Disc Analysis for AI-Assisted Glaucoma ScreeningCONCLUSION: The inclusion of various risk factors significantly influences the classification accuracy of specialists. Risk factors like IOP and bilateral data influence diagnostic consistency among specialists. Reliance solely on fundus photographs for AI training can be misleading due to inter-observer variability. Comprehensive datasets integrating multimodal clinical information are essential for developing robust AI models for…

Cognitive impairment and age-related eye pathology.In developed countries age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are the most common diseases of old age that cause irreversible blindness. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia among older adults, is often associated with AMD and glaucoma. Features of AD include extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated forms…

Assessing Serum Lipid Levels in Patients Diagnosed With Primary Open-Angle GlaucomaCONCLUSION: Dyslipidemia appears to be an independent risk factor for POAG, with higher serum lipid levels strongly linked to the presence of the condition.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for glaucoma; a potential emerging treatment strategyGlaucoma is the primary cause of irreversible blindness globally. Different glaucoma subtypes are identified by their underlying mechanisms, and treatment options differ by its pathogenesis. Current management includes topical medications to lower intraocular pressure and surgical procedures like trabeculoplasty and glaucoma drainage implants. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an almost effective and safe treatment option…

Impact of polygeNic risk score for glaucoma on psycHosocial ouTcomes (INSiGHT) study protocolGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness with early detection and intervention critical to slowing disease progression. However, half of those affected are undiagnosed. This is largely due to the early stages of disease being asymptomatic; current population-based screening measures being unsupported; and a lack of current efficient prediction models. Research investigating polygenic risk…

Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalitiesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner…

A Network Biology-Guided Investigation of the Long Noncoding RNAs' Role in GlaucomaGlaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive harm to the optic nerve that often results in loss of vision and blindness. Recent studies suggest that deregulation in the expression of a particular type of RNAs named long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can impact the development of glaucoma and, hence, are promising targets for…

Swept-source optical coherence tomography assessment of Schlemm's canal after phacoemulsification with goniosynechialysis in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure glaucomaCONCLUSIONS: SC expansion was observed after phaco-GSL surgery in patients with PACG (both APACG and CPACG). A correlation between SC expansion and the IOP decrease was also observed. Our findings suggest that SC provides valuable information that could be used to assess the efficacy of phaco-GSL.

Exploring transparency: A comparative analysis of explainable artificial intelligence techniques in retinography images to support the diagnosis of glaucomaMachine learning models are widely applied across diverse fields, including nearly all segments of human activity. In healthcare, artificial intelligence techniques have revolutionized disease diagnosis, particularly in image classification. Although these models have achieved significant results, their lack of explainability has limited widespread adoption in clinical practice. In medical environments, understanding AI model decisions is…

Evaluating glaucoma in myopic eyes: Challenges and opportunitiesThe increasing global prevalence of myopia presents a significant public health concern, and growing evidence has demonstrated that myopia is a major risk factor for the development of open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, timely detection and management of glaucoma in myopic patients are crucial; however, identifying the structural alterations of glaucoma in the optic nerve head (ONH)…

Unveiling Key Genes Modulating Retinal Cell Survival and Autophagy in GlaucomaGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, with rising incidence globally. Effective treatment is challenging due to limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. Growth factor activity is crucial in glaucoma, with potential to reduce retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and slow disease progression. This study aims to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs)…