Conjunctivitis

Pathological and molecular findings associated with BRSV in cattle and buffaloes with pulmonary diseaseBovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important pathogen affecting the respiratory health of ruminants and causes pulmonary lesions with occasional systemic involvement. This study aimed to detect and characterize BRSV in susceptible hosts exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory distress and pulmonary lesions in Maharashtra, India. A total of 391 samples (295 lung tissues and…

Association of individual and environmental factors exposure with asthma among children: a cross-sectional study in Northern and Southern cities, ChinaCONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that risk or protective factors contributing to childhood asthma differ significantly between Northern and Southern China.

The One Health challenges and opportunities of the H5N1 outbreak in dairy cattle in the United StatesThe outbreak of H5N1 in dairy cattle in United States revealed challenges in identification and management of a novel disease. The virus showed an exceptional ability to spread between farms and among cows within a farm. The impact of the virus on dairy cattle varied from nonclinical to severe clinical signs and death. Many dairy…

Coxsackievirus A24 variant associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in Bhutan, 2023In 2023, Bhutan detected an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in southern and central regions, coinciding with similar outbreaks reported in South and Southeast Asia. Laboratory results from clinical specimens were initially inconclusive in identifying the etiological agent. To address this, 18 clinical samples, comprising conjunctival swabs and throat/nasal swabs from nine patients were…

Quercetin and Its Lecithin-Based Formulation: Potential Applications for Allergic Diseases Based on a Narrative ReviewQuercetin, a natural flavonoid, present in various vegetables and fruits, has garnered increasing attraction for its potential antiallergic properties. Its broad-spectrum activity depends on its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects, which target the critical pathways involved in type 2-driven allergic inflammation. Quercetin inhibits mast cell degranulation, reduces the production of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and…

Characterization of Mucosal Immune-Related lncRNAs and mRNAs in a Mouse Model of Allergic ConjunctivitisCONCLUSION: This study is the first to systematically analyze immune-related mRNAs and LncRNAs in AC, identifying mucosal immunity molecules like Bpifa1 and Reg3g. These findings underscore the unique involvement of mucosal immunity in AC and provide potential new targets for immune modulation in ocular allergy treatment.

Ranking the efficacy of topical treatments for ocular allergy: A network meta-analysis of current evidenceCONCLUSIONS: This network meta-analysis provides strong evidence supporting condition-specific treatment approaches in ocular allergies. Newer antihistamines, particularly Olopatadine, are most effective for mild-moderate conditions, while immunomodulators, especially Tacrolimus, show superior efficacy in severe cases. These findings provide clear evidence-based hierarchies for clinical decision-making in the management of different types of allergic conjunctivitis.

Prevalence of Ocular Allergy Among High School Children in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional StudyCONCLUSION: The prevalence of ocular allergy (OA) among secondary school students in T&T was relatively higher compared to findings from various studies conducted globally. This underscores the need for implementing effective strategies for early diagnosis and management to mitigate its impact.

Surveys on the prevalence of pediatric asthma in Japan: A comparison between the 1982, 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022 surveys conducted in the same region using the same methodology (WJSAAC PhaseⅠ∼Ⅴ)CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pediatric asthma in western Japan increased until 2002 and then decreased in subsequent surveys. Changes in environmental factors and public health measures, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, may have influenced these trends. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of these factors on asthma prevalence.

Control of Asthma and its Influencing Factors in Children Followed in Pneumo-pediatrics Consultation at the Mother-child Hospital in the City of Marrakech, MoroccoCONCLUSION: 53% of children had uncontrolled asthma. A range of predictive factors were significantly associated with suboptimal asthma control. Recommended actions to improve childhood asthma control include education on trigger prevention and medication compliance, treatment of comorbidities, and accessibility of care for all socio-economic classes.

Nontargeted metabolomics analysis in allergic conjunctivitisPurposeAllergic conjunctivitis is a disease with a high prevalence in the world. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analyzes were performed to investigate the metabolic profile of the disease in serum samples of allergic conjunctivitis patients.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 20 allergic conjunctivitis patients and 20 healthy subjects. Untargeted metabolomics analyzes were performed by LC/Q-TOF/MS (liquid…

Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and comorbid allergic rhinitisCONCLUSION: Dupilumab treatment resulted in clinically relevant improvements in symptoms of AD and AR and had an acceptable safety profile.

One-Pot Synthesis of Hantzsch Reaction for Fluorometric Quantification of Epinastine in Aqueous Humor SamplesEpinastine (EPS), an antihistaminic drug, is used to prevent itching of the eye caused by a condition known as allergic conjunctivitis. Few reported methods were reported for detecting EPS. Most of these reported methods are chromatographic methods that require expensive techniques and hazardous solvents. Inspired by EPS's medical importance and the absence of native fluorescence…

Ocular Surface Microbiota and Corneal Transplant Outcome: Is There a Link?Recent research has highlighted the critical role of microbiota in organ transplant outcomes, particularly in the gut. However, the impact of ocular surface microbiota (OSM) on corneal transplantation remains largely unexplored. This piece examines the potential connection between OSM imbalances and corneal graftoutcomes, suggesting that microbial shifts could influence immune responses and transplant success. The…

Bro p 3, an nsLTP1: The first major allergen identified in Broussonetia papyrifera pollenCONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that Bro p 3 is the major allergen of B. papyrifera pollen and the first allergen from this species with its full sequence determined. The I(7)-R(27) peptides of Bro p 3 represent its immunodominant type 2 T cell epitopes. Bro p 3 sensitization is relevant to clinical phenotypes and the cross-reactivity between…

Reproxalap in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysisCONCLUSION: Reproxalap reduces ocular itching associated with SAC. While both 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations are effective, safe and tolerable. Further research should focus on the long-term benefits and applicability of Reproxalap on diverse populations.

The association between upper tarsal conjunctiva appearance and corneal biomechanical weakening in refractive surgery candidatesCurrent evidence suggests allergic conjunctivitis and contact lens use may affect corneal biomechanics, but the relationship between conjunctival changes and biomechanical abnormalities remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether upper tarsal conjunctival roughness and redness are associated with corneal biomechanical weakening in refractive surgery candidates without ectatic corneal disease. Conducted at Chiang Mai University…

Stability and Efficacy of Mucoadhesive Eye Drops Containing Olopatadine HCl: Physicochemical, Functional, and Preclinical In Vivo AssessmentBackground: The incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be an effective strategy to prolong the residence time of active ingredients in the precorneal tear film and to increase ocular bioavailability. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop novel, viscous eye drops containing olopatadine (OCH) as the active ingredient,…

Updates in immunomodulator therapy in ocular surface inflammatory diseasesPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ocular surface inflammatory disorders (OSIDs), including allergic conjunctivitis, ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD), and cicatrizing conjunctivitis, present significant clinical challenges due to complex immune modulation. Traditional therapies like corticosteroids have limitations, prompting the need for alternative treatments. This review explores novel, steroid-sparing immunomodulatory options.

Allergic and immunologic evaluation of children with celiac diseaseCONCLUSION: This study highlighted a significant prevalence of allergic diseases and immunologic abnormalities in children with CD, extending beyond the commonly recognized association with sIgAD. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive immunologic and allergic evaluation in children with CD.

Clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis induced by pollen in northern ChinaObjective:The prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis （AR） and its combined diseases have been increasing recently. The purpose was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of seasonal AR in northern China. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in AR patients. The Visual analogue scale （VAS）, combined diseases, clinical features, allergic pollen and treatments were analyzed. Results:Of…

Identification of atopic dermatitis-associated diseases based on the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2013-2018Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Massive cohort studies revealed that AD was associated with allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders. We comprehensively and systematically analyzed the correlation between AD and diseases to identify AD-associated diseases (ADADs). We involved 17,924 individuals from the National Health…

Efficacy of air cleaners to reduce allergic responses to cat: A randomized clinical trial using an environmental exposure chamberBACKGROUND: Air cleaners improve indoor air quality by reducing pollutants and airborne allergens. Only a few clinical studies showed their efficacy in respiratory diseases in environmental exposure chambers (EECs).

The therapeutic effect of IPL on children with refractory seasonal allergic conjunctivitisCONCLUSION: IPL therapy is effective in improving ocular surface symptoms in children with refractory seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, especially in suppressing eye itching, with good results.

Idiopathic Corneal Thinning and Spontaneous Perforation at Early Adulthood. A Case ReportCONCLUSION: Corneal and ocular surface inflammation is a potential multifactorial disease. Bacterial hypersensitivity, atopy and dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis and rosacea may play a role in recurrent keratitis, corneal thinning and eventually corneal perforation. Frequent and regular follow-ups are required to detect complications early as well as to discover all possible local and…

Prevalence of trachoma in the Popokabaka and Kasongolunda health zones in Kwango province Democratic Republic of Congo: a quantitative studyCONCLUSION: this prevalence exceeds the WHO critical threshold (5%). Interventions appropriate to the communities concerned are needed to eliminate trachoma by 2030.

Active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis from 2019 to 2024CONCLUSION: The magnitude of active trachoma is still higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) target for elimination. There was significant interregional difference in magnitude of active trachoma. Strengthening surgical treatment for trichiasis, antibiotic therapy, facial hygiene, and environmental improvement (SAFE) strategy and health education and promotion is recommended.

Association of individual and environmental factors exposure with asthma among children: a cross-sectional study in Northern and Southern cities, ChinaCONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that risk or protective factors contributing to childhood asthma differ significantly between Northern and Southern China.

Surgical treatment of eyelid sequelae due to trachoma performed by a few São Paulo hospitals of the Brazilian Unified Health SystemCONCLUSIONS: The frequency of surgery due to trachoma was low in these oculoplastic services. The state of São Paulo might have reached the goal for trachoma elimination in the surgical component. The questionnaire used for data collection was successfully tested despite some difficulties in collecting data from the medical records. Studies with the same methodology…

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis with necrotizing scleritis, manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitisCONCLUSIONS: Necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis can be manifestation of GPA. An ophthalmic check up may be the key to reach a promptly diagnosis of a tough systemic case.

Moxifloxacin in HPMC-nanocellulose composite film for the management of ocular inflammation: Effect of carboxymethylated gum on permeation and antimicrobial activityMoxifloxacin (MFX) is known to decrease inflammation in lung infection by inhibiting interleukin-8 secretion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Carboxymethylated gum combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-nanocellulose (NCC) composite films were developed for the management of ocular inflammation and improved antimicrobial activity of MFX. Carboxymethyl starch (CMS), carboxymethyl tamarind (CMT), or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gum in…