Cataract Surgery

Virtual reality simulator-based assessment of non-technical skills in eye surgery: managing complex cataract surgery No abstract

Effect of Oral Opioid Prescription on Rates of Postoperative Pain among Ophthalmology Subspecialties: A Large Database Analysis CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative opioid prescriptions were associated with small absolute reductions in pain diagnoses in selected subspecialties, including cornea, glaucoma, oculoplastics, and trauma, but not cataract, retina, or strabismus. Opioid prescriptions offered no consistent benefit in reducing ER visits and were linked to higher ER visit rates in some subspecialties. These findings highlight the limited clinical…

Leaking Bleb After 50 Years of Historical Iridencleisis Surgery: A Case Report We describe a case of historical iridencleisis surgery in a patient who initially presented to our hospital with leaking blebs, presumed to be secondary to trabeculectomy. The patient was a 70-year-old male with a history of an uncertain glaucoma surgery performed on his left eye at 18 years of age (1973). At presentation, his intraocular…

Comparative Outcomes of Immediate Versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery: A Narrative Review Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) has gained increasing international acceptance as a safe and efficient alternative to delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS), yet adoption remains heterogeneous. This narrative review aims to provide an updated academic review of the comparative outcomes and safety profiles of ISBCS versus DSBCS, with emphasis on parameters most relevant…

Five-year outcomes of epithelium-off Corneal Crosslinking for keratoconus PurposeTo assess the influence of epithelium-off (epi-off) crosslinking (CXL) on overall flattening of the cone & pachymetry and in different cone locations (central, paracentral, and peripheral) at 5-year and to analyse preoperative factors influencing cone flattening at 5-year in keratoconus.MethodsAll patients with at least 5-year follow-up were included. Data was collected on age, sex, and…

Intracapsular hematoma following combined GATT and cataract surgery: Resolution with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy No abstract

Posterior Capsule Rupture and Vitreous Loss in Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis from a Swiss Tertiary Center CONCLUSION: The rate of PCR and/or VL during cataract surgery at a Swiss tertiary care center is comparable to international statistics. PEX is a strong and independent predictor for these complications; although the predictive power of TCS did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis, the observed trend suggests that risk-based preoperative scores such as…

An Evaluation of the Mean Teacher Framework for Semi-Supervised Cataract Surgical Image Segmentation CONCLUSIONS: The MT framework provides an effective semi-supervised solution for surgical image segmentation with limited annotations. Full source code and utility scripts will be released upon acceptance at: https://github.com/mahtabfaraji1/Semi-supervised-segmentation-of-cataract-surgical-images.

One-Year Efficacy of OMNI Canaloplasty With and Without Additional Hydrus Microstent During Cataract Surgery CONCLUSION: Combining canaloplasty with a microstent did not yield statistically significant improvements in surgical success, IOP reduction, medication use, or safety outcomes at one year compared to standalone canaloplasty. This suggests that for patients undergoing CS with concurrent canaloplasty, the addition of a microstent may not confer substantial long-term clinical benefit. Small cohort size and…

Analysis of refractive outcomes and related factors in combined filtering surgery with Toric Lens implantation PurposeTo evaluate refractive outcomes and associated factors in patients undergoing combined filtering glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy or non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS)) and cataract extraction with toric intraocular lens implantation.DesignProspective consecutive case series.MethodsThis prospective case series included 43 eyes of 32 patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism ≥ 0.75 diopters (D) and moderate-to-severe open-angle glaucoma. Patients underwent trabeculectomy…

World Sight Day 2025 at Dr. Sumait Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia: Meeting Report of a Community Eye Screening and Expert Panel World Sight Day 2025 ("Love Your Eyes") was marked at Dr. Sumait Hospital, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, on 9 October 2025 through the "Every Eye Counts" forum, combining invited talks, an expert panel discussion, and a free community eye screening. Screening included registration and brief history, presenting visual acuity assessment (with pinhole where indicated), anterior…

Intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical expertise: key determinants in endophthalmitis after cataract surgery No abstract

The Efficacy and Safety of Nanoparticle-Based Clobetasol Propionate in Managing the Inflammation and Pain in Post-Operative Cataract Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis CONCLUSION: In summary, nanoparticle-based clobetasol propionate is an effective and well-tolerated drug for managing postoperative inflammation and pain in cataract patients.

Understanding Capsular Contraction and IOL Decentration in Toric and EDOF Lenses: Clinical and Biomechanical Insights No abstract

Anterior Capsular Tear During Phacoemulsification: Successful Management With the Two-Y Crushing Technique An anterior capsular tear or radial extension of the capsulorhexis is a serious complication during phacoemulsification and may lead to significant sequelae. In the present case, an anterior capsular tear occurred during capsulorhexis in phacoemulsification surgery. We opted to use the Two-Y crushing technique to safely emulsify and aspirate the nucleus in the presence of…

An Electrophysiological Study on the Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Prediabetics Introduction Prediabetes is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active state associated with early microvascular complications. Peripheral neuropathy may develop before the onset of overt diabetes, yet its prevalence and electrophysiological characteristics in prediabetes remain insufficiently defined. To estimate the prevalence of clinical and subclinical peripheral neuropathy in individuals with prediabetes using the Modified Toronto Clinical…

Cataract Surgery in a Case of Bilateral Idiopathic Corneal Ascher Rings Associated With Anterior Segment Changes CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery performed in the presence of Ascher corneal rings alone, does not pose additional risks during phacoemulsification or postoperative intervals. However, association with anterior segment changes (narrow anterior chamber angle, axial anysometropia) might raise additional surgical concerns, though unrelated to the rare corneal findings. These associations have not been reported in any previous…

Risk factors for secondary cataract CONCLUSION: The main independent risk factors for posterior capsule opacification identified in this study were exfoliation syndrome, age-related cataract, white cataract, and ciliary sulcus implantation. Awareness of these factors enables targeted prevention, which may explain the current decline in secondary cataract incidence.

Toric Versus non-toric intraocular lenses for pre-existing corneal astigmatism: a systematic review and meta-analysis CONCLUSIONS: In patients with corneal astigmatism, toric IOLs provide more precise astigmatic correction and better uncorrected distance vision. These pooled effect sizes refine the current consensus and may assist refractive planning in cataract surgery.

Rotational Stability and Refractive Outcomes of a Toric Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lens CONCLUSIONS: The RayOne EMV Toric IOL demonstrated good rotational stability within the first postoperative week. However, an increased tendency to rotation after 1 week was observed, leading to a total of 19 (16.7%) IOLs rotating more than 5°, including one case exceeding 10° from EOS to 6m. Refractive outcomes were favorable, with 92% of eyes…

Effective Cataract Surgery Coverage and Potential Influencing Factors for Adults in Fujian, Southeast of China: Fujian Eye Study CONCLUSION: Age and educational level emerged as critical factors associated with eCSC. These findings highlight the influence of sociodemographic variables on cataract surgery outcomes in the population.

Comprehensive Modalities for Cataract Management: Preventive, Surgical, and Non-Surgical Approaches Using Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Therapies Among ocular diseases, cataract are globally considered the primary cause of blindness. Cataract development is mainly attributed to oxidative stress, which damages epithelial lens proteins and lipids, resulting in clouding or opacification of the normally transparent lens and altering its refractive index. The widespread prevalence of environmental and pathological factors associated with increased cataract risk…

Comment on: Use of Intracameral Antibiotics Prophylaxis in Patients with Posterior Capsular Rupture during Cataract Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysisNo abstract

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Veterinary Ophthalmology: Making Antimicrobial Resistance VisibleAntimicrobial resistance is increasingly recognized in veterinary ophthalmology, yet its development remains largely unnoticed in daily clinical practice. Although resistant ocular pathogens are reported worldwide, antimicrobial prescribing decisions are frequently made without feedback on local resistance patterns. This Viewpoint discusses aggregated antibiograms as a practical tool to improve situational awareness and support antimicrobial stewardship in…

Retrospective study on the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery on the cornea in diabetic patientsObjective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS) in diabetic patients, and to investigate whether FLACS provides superior early postoperative visual quality recovery. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. A total of 107 diabetic patients (107 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery…

Influence of capsular tension ring implantation on rotational stability of intraocular lenses: a meta-analysisObjective: To systematically evaluate the influence of capsular tension ring (CTR) co-implantation on the rotational stability of intraocular lenses (IOLs) following cataract surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)…

The role of HelpMeSee surgical simulation training systems in phacoemulsification cataract surgery trainingObjective: To explore the application and effectiveness of surgical simulation training in phacoemulsification cataract surgery training. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 10 attending ophthalmologists who received cataract surgery training in our hospital from April 2022 to October 2025 were enrolled as the study subjects. After completing theoretical training and assessment…

Effect of prior intravitreal injections on the risk of posterior capsule rupture during cataract surgery: a single-surgeon matched case-control studyNo abstract

Furious Eyes: Chronic Intraocular Inflammation as Post-Couching Sequelae: A Rare Case ReportCouching, an ancient technique of cataract management where cataractous lens is manually dislocated from its anatomical position into vitreous cavity. A 85-year-old female was referred complaining of diminished vision, redness and photophobia in both eyes for 2 weeks. A history of similar episodes in the past for which she used topical medication from local doctor.…

Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Refractive Surgery Through Same-Day Postoperative CareImmediate postoperative care presents an option for refining the patient care process. The purpose of this audit was to identify potential reductions in carbon emissions following the decision to move from day 1 to same-day postoperative visits in a busy refractive surgery centre. This represented an analysis of refractive surgery patients across 12-months at a…

Optimizing the Inter-Eye Transition to Improve Immediately Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery ComfortNo abstract

Spontaneous anterior lens dislocation: case report and surgical managementCONCLUSION: Spontaneous anterior lens dislocation requires early diagnosis and individualized surgical management to ensure safe outcomes and reduce the risk of vision-threatening complications.

Acute Macular Hole Formation after Posterior Vitreous Detachment Induction in Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: A Case ReportCONCLUSION: Acute MH formation can occur immediately after PVD induction during ERM surgery, even in the absence of overt vitreomacular traction or direct macular trauma. Intraoperative foveal hemorrhage should alert the surgeon to the possibility of impending MH formation.

Rhizopus angle abscess, scleritis and endophthalmitis following Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy and phacoemulsificationCONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: This case illustrates that Rhizopus angle abscess can occur in an immunocompetent host following anterior segment surgery and may masquerade as bacterial endophthalmitis. Early suspicion of fungal infection and use of metagenomic deep sequencing were critical for diagnosis and successful treatment, emphasizing the need to consider invasive fungal pathogens and advanced molecular…

Socioeconomic factors affecting visual acuity in cataract campsBACKGROUND: Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Though temporary and resource-intensive, cataract camps provide large-scale treatment of the condition. This study sought for associations between country-level socioeconomic factors and short-term improvements in visual acuity observed in cataract camps across 17 countries.

Residence and insurance inequities in the timeliness of access to first-eye cataract surgery in Eastern ChinaCONCLUSION: Residence and insurance inequities in the timeliness of access to first-eye cataract surgery were evident. Better-eye BCVA at pathway entry is a low-cost, scalable metric that can complement coverage and postoperative outcomes to guide pathway and financing interventions.

Yamane Technique for The Management of Cataract in Children with Insufficient Capsular Support: A Prospective StudyCONCLUSIONS: While Yamane technique is an option for the management of children with insufficient capsular support, it requires a steep learning curve and is still associated with a relatively high rate of complications.

Cataract: Surgery first - is there still room for basic research?CONCLUSIONS: The success of cataract surgery does not diminish the value of basic research. Instead, collaboration between clinicians and basic researchers, along with increased investment in basic research, will drive breakthroughs in cataract prevention and treatment, enabling natural, long-term vision beyond just clear sight.

Clinical Outcomes of a Monofocal, Optimized, Aspheric IOL in Eyes with Different Degrees of Corneal Spherical AberrationCONCLUSION: Different degrees of corneal SA measured in our study do not affect the visual performance of eyes implanted with the CT LUCIA 621P IOL through the visual metrics assessed. This IOL may be used clinically to restore visual acuity in eyes with different corneal SA after undergoing cataract surgery.

Advances in cataract surgery: is a new era on the horizon?PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent technological, procedural and material advances that are reshaping cataract surgery and to appraise their implications for visual outcomes, safety and global accessibility.

Canadian provincial cataract surgery wait times from 2008 to 2023: a retrospective study of Canadian Institute for Health information dataCONCLUSIONS: Between 2008 and 2023, WT2 and the proportion of patients missing WT2 benchmarks generally increased across Canada.

Re: Ghoraba et al.: Incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in the setting of uveitis and immunosuppressive therapy within the IRIS Registry (Ophthalmology. 2025;132:1253-1259)No abstract

Presumed Capsular-Bag-Origin Endophthalmitis following Anterior Vitrectomy for Posterior Capsule Opacification in a Patient with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case ReportCONCLUSION: Capsular-bag-origin endophthalmitis may present with limited anterior segment inflammation and delayed onset after anterior vitrectomy. This rare entity should be considered in patients with unexplained vitreous opacity following intraocular surgery, particularly in those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Cyclosporine A as an adjuvant therapy in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysisImmunologic rejection is a significant cause of graft failure in high-risk keratoplasty, with rejection rates exceeding 70% without immunosuppressive therapy. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is emerging as a valuable adjunct to corticosteroids, the standard rejection prevention therapy. A literature review conducted in March 2024 through PubMed, Proquest, and Google Scholar utilized keywords (keratoplasty OR "high risk…

Comment on of "Effect of ginkgo biloba extracts in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: A randomized clinical trial"No abstract

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: A randomized clinical trial - Response to reviewer commentsNo abstract

Reducing carbon footprint in cataract services: A cross-sectional study of sustainable eye hospital models advancing circular economy principlesCONCLUSION: Eye hospitals should prioritize routine carbon audits using GHG Protocol scopes, Miyawaki-type of gardening in limited areas, and solar integration to achieve net-zero emissions without compromising outcomes. Adopting these scalable practices positions providers as leaders in planetary health.

Coexisting chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophyA 62-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of reduced vision in both eyes. His best-corrected visual acuity was 6/36 in the right eye (RE) and 6/12 in the left eye (LE). Anterior segment examination revealed immature cataracts in both eyes. Fundus examination and multimodal imaging identified chronic central serous retinopathy (CSC) with subretinal fluid…

Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery: Are We Overstating the Case? [Letter]No abstract

Linking multicenter electronic health records with socioeconomic data to examine receipt of standard versus premium intraocular lensesCONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic and racial factors are strongly associated with the choice of premium IOL, with toric lenses comprising the majority of premium implants. Targeted efforts to improve access and patient education may help ensure more equitable adoption of advanced lens technologies.

Long Term Visual Outcomes Following Implantation of a New Hydrophobic IOL in a Real-World Clinical SettingCONCLUSION: The CNWTTx IOL provides good vision at all ranges with the majority of patients not requiring spectacles for daily tasks.

Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Compared with Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Insert for Inflammation Prophylaxis After Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Clinical StudyCONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study, participants who received STAI appeared to have iritis at a later onset than those who received DII. However, post-operative complications were low, with no significant differences in the rates of rebound iritis or CME between the two groups. STAI and DII have similar clinical utility in the prophylaxis of…

Refractive Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Using Zeiss Artificial Intelligence Calculator versus Barrett Universal II and KaneCONCLUSION: Compared to BU2, ZAIC produces a lower MAE, SD, and RMSAE, and a higher proportion of eyes within 0.5 and 0.75 D of predicted but performs similarly to Kane across all outcome measures. This remains true regardless of whether K or TK is used as an input. This study is limited by its retrospective…

Identification and management of Descemet's membrane detachment during glaucoma and cataract surgeryDescemet's membrane detachment (DMD) is defined as the detachment of Descemet's membrane that occurs spontaneously or secondary to intraocular surgery. This review focuses on the characteristics and incidence of DMD following phacoemulsification and glaucoma surgery, and aims to compare DMD cases after phacoemulsification (PCE) and different types of glaucoma surgery in terms of incidence, risk…

Sulcus fixation of a standard capsular tension ring in cataract surgery with capsular instabilityCONCLUSION: This technique offers a viable surgical option in complex cataract cases with zonulysis.

Vitrectomy After Cataract Surgery as a Patient Safety Indicator: A Rapid Review to Support Benchmarking Within the Austrian Inpatient Quality Indicators FrameworkCataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure in high-income countries. It is considered relatively safe and rarely has serious complications. Nevertheless, a quality assessment of the care structures is important, and Inpatient Quality Indicators (IQIs) have already been established at the system level. The Austrian Inpatient Quality Indicator system (A-IQI) uses a nationwide benchmark…

Comparing the readability of online patient education materials for LASIK and cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Online patient education materials for both LASIK and cataract surgery exceed a tenth-grade level, making them inaccessible to many patients. Ophthalmologists may consider using Doximity GPT to generate more readable materials.

Global, regional, national differences and gender disparity in the burden of cataract: current trends and future projectionsCONCLUSIONS: The global cataract burden is escalating, primarily driven by demographic shifts. Resource-limited countries, particularly China and India, will confront rising challenges. Region-specific strategies, especially enhancing access to eye care and surgery in underserved areas, are essential to curbing the future impact.

Evaluation of Changes in Central Macular Thickness After Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Posterior Capsulotomy: An Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Prospective Observational StudyBackground After cataract surgery, one of the most common complications causing diminution of vision is posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy is currently the most popular option for treating PCO, as it is a fast, non-invasive, and successful procedure. Methodology This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye…

Comparative Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Corneal cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus: Epithelium on With Supplemental Oxygen Versus Epithelium off ProtocolCONCLUSIONS: Transepithelial cross-linking (T-CXL) is associated with a lower incidence of corneal haze, faster visual recovery-especially in terms of uncorrected distance visual acuity-and reduced postoperative pain. These benefits make T-CXL with supplemental oxygen a safe and effective alternative to the standard epithelium-off cross-linking procedure.

Introducing a modified neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet posterior capsulotomy technique: Case series study of a continuous ascending linear shot patternObjectiveNeodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomy is the gold standard treatment for posterior capsule opacification. Herein, we described a novel technique that has the potential to enhance the efficacy and safety of this procedure.MethodsThe technique utilizes multiple continuous ascending linear pattern laser shots, beginning at the bottom and forming successive horizontal rows upward. This approach results…

Comparative Safety and Energy Efficiency of Two Phaco Power Modulation Strategies in Diabetic Patients Undergoing PhacoemulsificationCONCLUSION: Both PPM configurations were safe and effective in diabetic eyes, producing comparable visual improvement and reversible postoperative corneal thickening, supporting the use of either PPM in diabetic cataract surgery. Although PPM 1 achieved significantly lower APT, EPT and corneal recovery were similar between groups, indicating greater ultrasound efficiency without compromising corneal safety. Interpretation of…

Effect of Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy Size on Visual Acuity and Posterior Segment Outcomes: A 6-Months Follow-Up StudyPosterior capsular opacification, frequently referred to as after cataract, represents the most common long-term complication following cataract surgery, including phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract excision with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of YAG laser capsulotomy size on visual acuity outcomes and to examine intraoperative and postoperative effects in the…

Examining supplier-induced demand under regulated fees: dynamic panel evidence from IranCataract surgery is among the most frequently performed procedures globally and in Iran, often regarded as highly effective and cost-efficient. However, its rapid growth, particularly under a fee-for-service model, raises concerns about supplier-induced demand, where providers may influence patients to undergo potentially discretionary procedures to maintain income. We analyzed administrative data from the Iranian Armed…

Visual and surgical outcomes of traumatic cataract surgery in IndiaTraumatic cataract is a major cause of visual impairment, particularly in regions with high rates of ocular trauma. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate visual and surgical outcomes following phacoemulsification in 62 patients with traumatic cataract at a tertiary center in Jharkhand. Most patients presented with poor preoperative vision and blunt trauma was more…

Prevalence of corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery in IndiaCorneal astigmatism is common among patients presenting for cataract surgery. Hence, understanding its pattern is essential for optimal surgical planning and visual outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence, type, and severity of corneal astigmatism in 320 cataract surgery candidates aged 40 years and above at RIO, RIMS, Ranchi, India. Automated keratometry and corneal topography were…

A nonpigmented retinal pigment epithelium adenoma with retinitis pigmentosa:A case reportCONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: This case highlights a rare occurrence of nonpigmented RPE adenoma in association with RP. Given its phenotypic resemblance to choroidal melanoma, three critical insights emerge: 1) RPE adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when RP patients develop atypical retinal masses, 2) Diagnostic confirmation requires histopathological verification through immunohistochemical (IHC) markers…

Safety and tolerability evaluation of a novel ophthalmic viscosurgical device containing bacterial-derived hyaluronic acidPURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pre-clinical safety and tolerability of a new ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) containing bacterial-derived hyaluronic acid (HA) using an aqueous exchange model in rabbits.

Spontaneous resolution of Macula-involving retinal detachment after complicated cataract surgeryNo abstract

Clinical Performance After Implantation of a New Purely Refractive Extended Depth of Field Intraocular Lens in Cataract PatientsCONCLUSION: The TECNIS PureSee IOL yielded good visual performance with high patient satisfaction. Patients received a good EDoF-effect with a low probability of disturbing photopic phenomena in terms of halo and glare.

A Case of Refractory Panuveitis with Coexisting Spondyloarthritis Successfully Treated with TofacitinibCONCLUSION: We examined a case of panuveitis with coexisting SpA refractory to TNF inhibitor and IL-17 inhibitor, in which JAK inhibitor was successfully effective. JAK inhibitors may be useful for some patients with refractory uveitis.

Twelve-Month Safety Profile of PreserFlo® MicroShunt on Corneal Endothelium in Glaucoma SubtypesCONCLUSIONS: PMS-alone demonstrated a favorable safety profile for the corneal endothelium across glaucoma subtypes. However, PMS-CE may pose an elevated risk of endothelial compromise, with a tendency toward a more pronounced reduction in PEXG eyes.

Epidemiology, Microbiology, Management and Outcomes of Endophthalmitis: An 18 Year Retrospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Referral Center in AustraliaCONCLUSION: Exogenous endophthalmitis remains the leading cause of endophthalmitis at a major regional tertiary referral center. Findings align with the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study, suggesting vitrectomy benefits mainly eyes presenting with light perception only vision.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Modern Toric Intraocular Lens Formulas Based on Anterior Corneal MeasurementsCONCLUSION: This study provides a further evaluation of the accuracy of modern toric IOL formulas for astigmatism prediction, even though only anterior corneal measurements from ARGOS were used for toric IOL calculations.

Effect of Anesthesia Technique on the Postoperative Rotational Stability of Toric Intraocular LensesCONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia enhances early postoperative rotational stability of Toric IOLs and reduces the need for repositioning.

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL NON-DIFFRACTIVE, EXTENDED DEPTH-OF-FOCUS INTRAOCULAR LENS - PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A PHASE 4 STUDYCONCLUSION: The Enova ADVANCED ^(TM) (VSY BIOTECHNOLOGY) EDOF IOLs demonstrated favorable vision outcomes, showing similar VA across various distances. Enova ADVANCED ^(TM) (VSY BIOTECHNOLOGY) provides a wide monocular depth of focus at 0.1 and 0.2 log MAR. The levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction were noticeably higher.

Interdevice Agreement of Keratometry, Astigmatism Vectors, and Ocular Biometry in Cataract Candidates: SS-OCT (Argos) vs. OLCI (Aladdin) vs. Scheimpflug-Placido (Sirius)Background and Objectives: Accurate anterior segment measurements are central to intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and toric planning, yet different optical platforms may yield non-interchangeable values. This study compared keratometry, astigmatism metrics, and ocular biometry obtained with a swept-source OCT biometer (Argos), an optical low-coherence interferometry biometer (Aladdin), and a combined Scheimpflug-Placido topographer (Schwind Sirius).…

Rare Association of Bilateral Central Salzmann Nodular Degeneration and Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy Managed by DMEK: A Case ReportSalzmann nodular degeneration is a slowly progressive, rare, degenerative disease of the cornea, usually associated with other ocular pathologies such as dry eye disease, previous ocular surgery, involving the peripheral cornea. We present the surgical management of a rare case of a patient diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy where the Salzmann nodules present an unusual…

High-Order Aberrations in Cataract Surgery: Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Scoping ReviewBackground and Objectives: Due to the evolution of cataract surgery into a refractive procedure in which optimizing visual quality extends beyond achieving good visual acuity, high-order aberrations have been increasingly recognized as important contributors to postoperative visual performance. This scoping review aims to map and synthesize the available evidence on higher-order aberrations in the context…

Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments for Treating Keratoconus-Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisBackground and Objectives: Corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) are designed to decrease and stabilize the extent of corneal ectasia in keratoconus patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of different surgical techniques for CAIRS preparation and the adjunctive use of corneal cross-linking. Materials and Methods: Following the PRISMA statement and checklist, a…

Comparative performance of large language models in answering cornea and cataract surgery questions for resident trainingNo abstract

Early Real-World Outcomes with a Novel Hybrid Full Range of Vision Intraocular LensBackground and Objectives: We aimed to describe early real-world visual, refractive, and safety outcomes following implantation of a novel hybrid full range of vision intraocular lens (IOL) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, non-randomized clinical study included 50 patients (100 eyes) undergoing bilateral sequential cataract surgery with implantation of the…

Cataract Progression and Risk Factors for Cataract Surgery after Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Phakic Eyes - an IRIS Registry AnalysisCONCLUSION: In this national database, approximately half of phakic patients undergoing vitrectomy underwent cataract surgery within 2 years, with risk factors of age, baseline cataract, and vitrectomy for conditions related to abnormal vitreoretinal interface. Diabetes and vitrectomy with panretinal photocoagulation were protective factors.

MEWDS-like Presentation Unmasking Sequential Bilateral Multifocal Choroiditis: Insights from Longitudinal Multimodal ImagingBackground: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is usually acute and self-limited, whereas multifocal choroiditis (MFC)/punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is relapsing; overlap can obscure early diagnosis and requires longitudinal multimodal imaging. Methods: We report a 4-year follow-up of a 31-year-old woman with fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and spectral-domain optical…

Impact of Different Intraocular Pressures During Cataract Surgery on Retinal Perfusion in Eyes with Diabetic Retinopathy: Randomized Clinical TrialCONCLUSION: Low IOP (20 mmHg) during cataract surgery of eyes with pre-existing vascular compromise may have a beneficial effect on macular and optic nerve head perfusion, especially in the early postoperative period.

Focal Iris Atrophy Associated with Intracapsular Injection of Dexamethasone Intraocular Suspension 9% in Cataract SurgeryWe report a complication of dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% placed into the capsular bag at the conclusion of cataract surgery. This retrospective case series was performed at an academically affiliated multi-specialty private practice group. Documentation from postoperative visits was evaluated for the development of complications including postoperative pressure spikes, corneal edema, spherule prolapse into the…

Cataract surgery in a simulated operating room environment: a pilot studyCONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery in a simulated OR environment was associated with increased cardiovascular activation and a heart rate pattern resembling real surgery, without impairing technical performance. This approach may support the training of both technical and nontechnical surgical skills in a controlled learning environment.

Efficacy and safety of goniotomy and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy for exfoliation glaucoma: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysisCONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates that GT and GATT, particularly when combined with phacoemulsification, are safe and effective in reducing IOP and medication burden in patients with XFG. The evidence for sustained IOP lowering with standalone GATT remains limited, suggesting that combined surgery may offer more reliable long-term pressure control, especially for patients with concurrent cataract.

Effectiveness of Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery in Treating White CataractsCONCLUSION: MSICS is safe, effective, and cost-efficient technique, offering excellent visual outcomes even in complex cases involving white cataracts and systemic comorbidities.

Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Capacity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma PatientsCONCLUSIONS: AH antioxidant measures showed limited race-associated differences, whereas paired TM/LE profiling revealed tissue- and marker-specific expression differences most evident in Black patients. These compartment-specific signatures warrant validation in larger prospective cohorts.

Reverse optic capture in cataract surgery: techniques, indications, and outcomesReverse optic capture (ROC) is a surgical technique in which the optic of an intraocular lens (IOL) is positioned anterior to the anterior capsulotomy opening, while the haptics remain within the capsular bag. Described originally as a method to secure fixation in cases of posterior capsular rupture, ROC has since evolved as a surgical maneuver…

Epidemiology of Inherited Retinal Diseases in the United States: IRIS<sup>®</sup> Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) AnalysisCONCLUSION: Patients with inherited retinal diseases can develop treatable ocular conditions that may affect their vision. Cataract and cystoid macular edema (CME) appear to be most associated with RP. Although RRD is rare, it may be disproportionately diagnosed in RP relative to repair rates and was most likely among CHM patients, perhaps reflecting coding practices…

Multi-omics liquid biopsy identifies mitochondrial dysfunction in geographic atrophy and supports the longevity-associated metabolite α-ketoglutarate as a therapeutic strategyCONCLUSIONS: AH proteomics demonstrated mitochondrial pathway depletion in GA, consistent with reduced oxidative bioenergetic capacity. AH metabolomics provided first-in-human in vivo evidence that systemic α-KG supplementation can modify intraocular metabolites and may enhance intraocular energy metabolism. These findings support ocular liquid biopsy as a precision-health framework for per-patient biomarker-guided metabolic trials in GA.

Interaction of an Iris Implantation Cyst with Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy: A Case ReportBackground and Clinical Significance: Currently, the only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery. The most commonly employed method is phacoemulsification, a well-established procedure that uses ultrasound energy to fragment the lens, allowing for easier removal. Potential postoperative complications range from mild to severe corneal edema (pseudophakic bullous keratopathy), which may be caused by intraoperative endothelial…

Regression Patterns of Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Following Panretinal Photocoagulation - A Prospective, Observational StudyCONCLUSION: In this pilot study, short-term regression of neovascularization following PRP was variable. Exploratory trends suggested possible differential regression between NVD and NVE.

Eye Lens Radiation Exposure During TAVI: Current Evidence and Imaging-Based Strategies for Dose ReductionCONCLUSION: In conclusion, Occupational eye lens exposure during TAVI is clinically relevant and strongly influenced by access route, staff positioning, and imaging-system use. Dose reduction should combine routine eye protection and dedicated eye-level dosimetry with imaging optimization (low pulse-rate fluoroscopy, minimized Digital-Subtraction-Angiography (DSA)/cine acquisitions, tight collimation, avoidance of unnecessary magnification, and correct positioning of ceiling-suspended…

Automated Longitudinal Quantification of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Changes After PhacoemulsificationCONCLUSIONS: Automated and integrated OCTA analysis revealed layer-dependent retinal and choroidal vascular responses after phacoemulsification, with coordinated changes confined mainly to anatomically adjacent layers and selective modulation by clinical factors.

Inferior-Superior Epithelial Thickness Difference: Zone-Specific Analysis Across Topographic AsymmetryCONCLUSIONS: Using manually derived, zone- and axis-specific OCT epithelial thickness-difference metrics, we found a nonlinear association with topographic IS, with the most informative signal in the central 2-5 mm annulus and along the IT-SN axis. Clinically, central, axis-defined epithelial asymmetry may serve as an adjunct interpretive marker in higher-IS (or borderline) eyes, whereas low-IS eyes…

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Unilateral Aponeurotic Ptosis Using the Fellow Eye as Control: A Retrospective StudyCONCLUSION: Prior glaucoma filtering and cataract surgeries are significant risk factors for the development of unilateral aponeurotic ptosis.

Exploring the impact of extraocular disorders and their surgical correction on corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberrations: a comprehensive reviewExtraocular disorders and their surgical management can significantly influence corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberrations (HOAs). This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between extraocular conditions, their surgical correction, and subsequent changes in corneal astigmatism and HOAs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published between 1992 and…

Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Rapid Glycemic Control During Preoperative Period [Letter]No abstract

Exfoliation Syndrome in a Large Vietnamese American Clinic Population: Clinical Characteristics Including Prevalence of Glaucoma and Narrow AnglesCONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EXF in a Vietnamese American clinic population. In this cohort of Vietnamese patients from a single ophthalmic clinic, 1.8% were found to have exfoliation syndrome. Among the EXF cases, there were substantial numbers with narrow angles, glaucoma, and history of cataract…

Optimizing postoperative inflammation in pediatric cataract surgery: Are intracameral steroids the way forward?No abstract

Apps as eyes: Harnessing tech for visually impaired personsNo abstract

Comment on: Impact of intraocular lens decentration and tilt on higher-order aberrations in patients with high and super-high myopia following cataract surgeryNo abstract

Authors' Response to comment on "Impact of intraocular lens decentration and tilt on higher-order aberrations in patients with high and super-high myopia following cataract surgery"No abstract

Outcomes of Z-suture scleral fixation and retropupillary iris-claw in patients with insufficient capsular support: A comparative studyPurposeManaging intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with insufficient capsular support can be challenging. This study compares the safety and efficacy of Akreos AO^(®) z-suture scleral fixation and Artisan Aphakia IOL^(®) retropupillary iris claw techniques for patients lacking capsular and zonular support.SettingThis retrospective study was conducted at Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal, between…

Intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone implant for the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema following vitrectomyCONCLUSION: Sustained-release DEX implants provided immediate and lasting functional and anatomical benefits in patients with persistent postoperative CME. Outcomes such as the required number of DEX implants or treatment response were not significantly impacted by subgroup factors.

Delayed-Onset Fibrotic Capsular Bag Distension SyndromeCapsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS) is an uncommon complication of cataract surgery following in-the-bag posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation. It is characterized by the accumulation of turbid fluid between the IOL optic and the posterior capsule, frequently resulting in reduced visual acuity and a myopic refractive shift. The late-onset fibrotic variant is particularly rare…

Green-synthesized N-acetylcarnosine-loaded gold nanoparticles as a novel ocular nanocarrier for antioxidant therapy and cataract preventionCataract represents one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and is primarily attributed to protein glycation, oxidative stress, and aggregation of lens crystallins. Surgical lens extraction remains the standard treatment, which, despite its effectiveness, carries potential postoperative risks and economic burdens, thereby underscoring the need for alternative, non-surgical therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to…

Canaloplasty and trabecular bypass glaucoma surgery: indications and outcomesPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Trabecular bypass stents and ab interno canaloplasty are popular micro-invasive glaucoma surgery approaches. This review summarizes recent evidence on outcomes, safety, and comparative effectiveness of these procedures.

Visual Field Stability After Trifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Longitudinal Standard Automated Perimetry StudyCONCLUSION: Trifocal IOL implantation was not associated with clinically meaningful deterioration in SAP global indices or reliability measures during follow-up.

Retrospective study on the predictability of the Barrett TK Universal II formula using the IOLMaster 700 in a public university hospital across 193 surgeriesCONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of having precise technology for performing biometrics such as the IOLMaster 700 and the use of last-generation formulas such as the Barrett TK Universal II.

Effectiveness and Safety of Combined Ab-Interno Canaloplasty and Microstent Implantation in Severe Glaucoma - A Retrospective StudyCONCLUSION: Combining ab-interno canaloplasty with Hydrus Microstent implantation during cataract surgery resulted in modest but sustained reductions in intraocular pressure and glaucoma medication burden, with a favorable safety profile. However, postoperative IOP frequently remained above levels required for very low target pressures. These findings suggest that this mixed MIGS approach may be considered in carefully…

A sustained-release intracanalicular dexamethasone insert for treating ocular inflammation after intraocular surgery in childrenCONCLUSIONS: The intracanalicular dexamethasone insert offers a reliable, minimally burdensome way to reduce inflammation after pediatric intraocular surgery. It minimizes dependence on parental compliance, needing only one application by the physician instead of multiple drops daily. Combined with intracameral antibiotics, it enables dropless cataract surgery for most children undergoing intraocular anterior segment procedures.

Aligning the Axis of Toric Intraocular Lens with the Corneal Steep Meridian by Setting SIA at 0 Diopter: A Prospective Randomized Controlled TrialCONCLUSION: This study suggests that aligning the toric IOL axis with the corneal steep meridian showed by setting SIA as 0 D might be an available method to reduce the error of refractive astigmatism.

Paired Opposite Clear Corneal Incision in Cataract Patients with Different Types of AstigmatismCONCLUSION: Although the corneal astigmatism-correcting effect of p-OCCI is similar in different types of astigmatism,p-OCCI may be less predictable in oblique astigmatism.

Visual acuity outcome and complications of cataract surgery in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysisThis study estimated the pooled prevalence of visual acuity (VA) outcomes and potentially blinding cataract surgery complications in Nigeria. Ethical clearance was waived by the Ethical Review Board of the Kano State Ministry of Health. We searched PubMed, African journals online, Embase, MEDLINE and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies from January 1990 to February…

Comparative Evaluation of 10-0 Vicryl Sutures Versus 10-0 Nylon Sutures in Pediatric Cataract SurgeryNo abstract

Clinical investigations and mechanistic insights into the antioxidant effects of drugs post-cataract surgeryCONCLUSION: Adjunctive therapy with MDT enhances antioxidant capacity, modulates inflammation and improves clinical outcomes in cataract surgery recovery, demonstrating significant value for clinical application.

Microbiological etiology of endogenous and exogenous postprocedural endophthalmitis: a 5-year German federal state studyCONCLUSION: Our results confirm S. epidermidis to be the most common endophthalmitis-causing pathogen. No single microbiological diagnostic technique would have identified all cases of infection, thus calling for combined approaches that include culture and molecular testing.

Comparison of 2.2 mm vs. 2.6 mm corneal incisions in phacoemulsification in hard nuclear cataracts: impact on intraoperative energy and postoperative corneal recoveryCONCLUSION: The corneal incision size (2.2 mm versus 2.6 mm) did not influence the use of intraoperative ultrasound energy or result in differential corneal endothelial cell loss. However, smaller incisions (2.2 mm) were associated with increased short-term edema at the incision site, potentially impacting early wound healing.

Comparable performance of 3D and 2D anterior segment optical coherence tomography in predicting intraocular pressure reduction following cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: AS-OCT parameters improved the predictability of IOP reduction after phacoemulsification, with notably better performance in non-glaucoma eyes. 2D and 3D models showed comparable predictive ability.

The utility of aqueous and serum apolipoprotein E and galectin-3 as biomarkers of neuroinflammation in glaucomaApolipoprotein E (APOE) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) are markers of activated microglia in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, whose targeting is protective in mouse models of glaucoma. In this study, we examined levels of APOE and Gal-3 in human aqueous humor (AH) and serum samples. Single-center, cross-sectional study. A total of 100 glaucoma and…

Role of toric intraocular lenses in the correction of keratoconic eyes with cataractCONCLUSIONS: IOL corrections alone are insufficient to compensate for large corneal aberrations present in KC eyes. Subsequent fitting with toric RGP lenses can restore most eyes to normal levels of visual image quality. Among the compared IOL corrections, the combination of a spherical IOL with a toric IOL gave the best average VSX on average…

Building the Optometry Workforce in Somalia: A Strategic Approach to Preventing Avoidable Blindness and Expanding Access to Vision CareCONCLUSION: The findings indicate a high burden of preventable and treatable eye conditions and support the need for a structured optometry workforce in Somalia. We propose a three-component implementation framework: (1) workforce training (optometry and optical-technician education), (2) decentralized service delivery with referral pathways, and (3) sustainable multi-sector partnerships to expand access to vision care…

Comparative accuracy of image-guided systems and smartphone applications for enhanced monofocal toric IOL alignment in cataract surgeryCONCLUSION: Both systems demonstrated excellent refractive outcomes. The image-guided system provides superior accuracy in total absolute alignment error. While the smartphone application also provides comparable outcomes, it offers a cost-effective alternative, expanding accessibility in resource-limited settings.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Ciliochoroidal Detachment Following Preserflo MicroShunt ImplantationCONCLUSION: CCD is common after PFM implantation. Short axial length and postoperative hypotony are significant risk factors.

Comparison of Visual Outcomes Between Manual Phacoemulsification and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract SurgeryObjective Our study compared recovery outcomes between manual and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery by measuring visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and inflammation through pachymetry testing. We hypothesized that laser-assisted procedures would have improved postoperative results when compared to manual cataract surgery. Design We performed a prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing either manual or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract…

Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Death after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF in a Nationwide StudyCONCLUSIONS: The overall risk of the main outcome was low after 1 IVT. In the stratified analysis of aflibercept and ranibizumab IVT, no difference was found in the risk for the main outcome between the 2 agents.

A 27-Gauge Light Pipe-Assisted Modified Kebab Technique for Safe Retrieval of a Dropped Lens Nucleus: A Case ReportCONCLUSION: This modified kebab technique using a 27-gauge illuminated light pipe allows nucleus fixation and retrieval in selected cases, without the routine use of PFCL or diathermy. This simple technique may serve as a practical salvage option, particularly when dedicated instruments are unavailable.

Case Report: Maculopathy following standard dose intracameral cefuroxime injection during ICL surgeryCONCLUSION: While intracameral cefuroxime is a highly effective prophylactic against endophthalmitis, it may cause sporadic toxic maculopathy even at standard doses during ICL surgery. Unlike typical post-cataract inflammatory edema, ICOTS presents acutely on day 1. Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion and utilize early OCT imaging for unexpected postoperative visual disturbances.

Comparison of Astigmatic Outcomes with an Ultra-Low Cylinder Power (0.90 D) Toric versus a Non-Toric Intraocular Lens for Eyes with Low AstigmatismCONCLUSION: The ULPT IOL was safe and effective for eyes with low to ultra-low preoperative astigmatism and resulted in significantly greater reduction in postoperative manifest cylinder compared to the monofocal IOL.

Biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema on Optical Coherence Tomography After Cataract SurgeryPurpose: To evaluate how 6 features of diabetic macular edema (DME), including intraretinal cyst size, ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL), hyperreflective foci, subretinal fluid, and foveal contour, evolve on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after cataract surgery with intraoperative and ongoing postoperative treatment with intravitreal (IVT) bevacizumab or triamcinolone. Secondary…

Impact of cataract surgery on a delirium-related electroencephalography index in older adultsThe bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) method is a simple one-channel quantitative electroencephalography approach that yields a single index, with higher scores previously associated with more severe delirium in older adults. We prospectively measured BSEEG scores in 21 patients over 60 years old before and 1 month after cataract surgery. BSEEG scores significantly decreased after surgery (p=0.001),…

First Clinical Results of a Multicentric Prospective Study on the Visual Performance of Patients Implanted with a New Trifocal Aspheric Hydrophobic Intraocular LensCONCLUSION: The AT ELANA 841P trifocal aspheric hydrophobic IOL provides excellent accurate refractive outcomes with very good visual performance across multiple distances, resulting in high spectacle independence rate and satisfaction levels with minimal visual symptoms.

Visual Performance Comparison Between Enhanced Monofocal and Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisThe objective of this systematic review is to directly compare enhanced monofocal and extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) with respect to visual outcomes after cataract surgery. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and ICTRP were searched until April 1, 2025, to retrieve studies that compared postoperative outcomes between enhanced monofocal and EDOF IOLs. The search…

Phacovitrectomy versus vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in phakic eyes: a multicentre propensity-matched studyCONCLUSIONS: Phacovitrectomy achieved anatomical outcomes comparable to PPV for primary RRD repair in phakic eyes. A small visual advantage was observed but attenuated in sensitivity analyses, suggesting the benefit is largely lens-related rather than a retinal treatment effect.

Correlation of pupil diameter and intraoperative complications in patients with pseudoexfoliation undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Preoperative identification of a pupil diameter <5.5 mm post dilation may alert the surgeon to potential intraoperative findings such as zonular weakness and iris instability, which may lead to better surgical planning.

Candida pelliculosa cluster endophthalmitis: clinical profile and surgical outcomes in twelve eyesCONCLUSION: This first reported series of postoperative Candida pelliculosa cluster endophthalmitis underscores its subtle presentation and delayed onset. Early vitrectomy with IOL-bag explantation ensures infection control and favorable visual recovery.

Aqueous humor levels of H3K18 lactylation and IL-1beta reflect epigenetic-inflammatory activation in lens epithelium and serve as novel potential biomarkers for cataract diagnosisCONCLUSIONS: H3K18la-driven transcriptional activation of IL-1β is associated with cataract development. H3K18la and IL-1β in the aqueous humor represent promising and sensitive potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cataract.

Evaluation of visual outcomes, optical quality, and patient satisfaction with a novel monofocal intraocular lensNo abstract

Factors influencing corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in elderly diabetic cataract patients and establishment of a predictive modelThis study aimed to explore the factors influencing corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in elderly diabetic cataract (DC) patients and to establish a predictive model. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 300 DC patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in our hospital between June 2022 and October 2023.…

Comparison of Visual Performance and Patient Satisfaction Between Two Trifocal Intraocular Lenses: A Prospective, Paired-Eye Comparative StudyCONCLUSION: In a paired-eye comparison, PanOptix provided superior intermediate VA, while Odyssey delivered better distance VA and CS. Both lenses yielded high spectacle independence and comparable rates of photic phenomena, supporting their viability as presbyopia-correcting options in cataract surgery.

Fuzzy logic for preanesthetic risk assessment in cataract surgery patientsWe aimed to build a fuzzy logic preanaesthetic risk score tailored to cataract surgery. By fusing systemic comorbidities with key patient attributes in an adaptive rule base, our goal was to generate patient-specific risk estimates that move beyond the coarse granularity of traditional categorical tools. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Kanuni Sultan…

Effectiveness of Phaco-chop, Stop&Chop, and the nitinol filament nuclear disassembly techniques for dense cataract removalNo abstract

Reply: Evidence-based functional classification of simultaneous vision intraocular lenses: seeking a global consensus by the ESCRS Functional Vision Working GroupNo abstract

Longitudinal Biometric Changes and Intraocular Lens Calculation Formula Accuracy in Delayed Cataract Surgery CasesCONCLUSION: It was suggested that the characteristics of each IOL calculation formula must be taken into consideration when selecting IOL power for delayed surgery.

Comment on: Evidence-based functional classification of simultaneous vision intraocular lenses: seeking a global consensus by the ESCRS Functional Vision Working GroupNo abstract

Precision in Intraocular Lens Calculation for Chinese Cataract Patients with Prior History of Radial KeratotomyCONCLUSION: The Jin-AI, Barrett True-K, and EVO formulas demonstrated superior accuracy for IOL power calculation in Chinese cataract patients with prior RK. The Jin-AI formula, a novel artificial intelligence-based formula derived from Chinese individuals, presents a promising option for post-RK IOL calculation, while external validation studies across diverse ethnic groups are essential.

Comparing Refractive Prediction Accuracy of IOL Master 700 and Sirius Utilizing the Barrett Universal II FormulaCONCLUSION: Under the Barrett Universal II formula, IOLMaster 700 yields more accurate refractive predictions than Sirius, with smaller systematic drift and absolute error, irrespective of axial length. Thus, IOLMaster 700 with Barrett Universal II is the preferred biometry for superior refractive accuracy. This study offers surgeons practical guidance for improving post-operative visual outcomes and patient…

Satisfaction and Visual Outcomes with a Non-Diffractive EDOF IOL in Post-Myopic LASIK and PRK Patients with High Corneal Spherical AberrationCONCLUSION: Results suggest good visual outcomes at distance, intermediate and functional near vision and high patient satisfaction with Vivity and Vivity toric IOL implantation in post myopic refractive surgery patients with high corneal spherical aberrations.

Assessment of Peripheral Anterior Synechiae Using Linear Gonio-Images Following Trabeculotomy with TrabectomeCONCLUSION: Widespread PAS was detected by GS-1 at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. However, its effect on postoperative IOP reduction and prognosis appears limited. Moreover, the long-term effects remain unclear; therefore, further studies are warranted.

Visual performance and patient reported outcomes of an extended depth of focus IOL compared to a monofocal IOL - a randomized trialCONCLUSION: In comparison with the monofocal version, the EDF IOL AN6V demonstrated greater spectacle independence and significant enhancement in both intermediate and near visual acuity. Notably, the incidence, severity, and degree of perceived dysphotopsia were similar in both groups.

Phakic Presbyopic Intraocular Lenses: A Systematic ReviewCONCLUSIONS: Early evidence suggests favorable short-term safety and functional outcomes for presbyopia-correcting PIOLs while preserving the crystalline lens and residual accommodative function. However, evidence remains limited by short follow-up, small sample sizes, and industry sponsorship. Independent, long-term studies are required to establish their definitive role in refractive surgery.

Combined Burst Mode versus Torsional Mode Phacoemulsification for Patients with Hard Nuclear Cataracts: A Prospective Comparative Cohort StudyCONCLUSION: Burst torsional combined with longitudinal ultrasound can be more effective for harder nuclei phacoemulsification than the continuous torsional ultrasound.

Vitamin D Levels in Serum and Aqueous Humor of Cataract Patients With and Without DiabetesCONCLUSION: No significant differences in serum or aqueous vitamin D levels were observed between diabetic and nondiabetic cataract patients. Vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect these levels, suggesting a possible shared deficiency profile. Further research is warranted to explore the ocular implications of vitamin D status.

Association of Air Pollution Exposure with Incident Cataract Surgery and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2 French Nationwide CohortsCONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insights into the impact of air pollution on ocular aging at a national level, highlighting the distinct effects observed between urban and rural populations.

OCT-Based Evaluation of Vitreous Haze in the First-Line Antimetabolites as Steroid-Sparing Treatment Uveitis TrialCONCLUSIONS: In the FAST Uveitis Trial, OCT-VI was significantly correlated with the VH clinical grades and demonstrated significant longitudinal changes. OCT vitreous signal intensity may serve as a potential objective biomarker of VH.

Intracameral Antibiotic Selection in Patients With an Allergy History: One Size Does Not Fit AllNo abstract

Postoperative Inflammation and Pain Management with Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert: Real-World ApplicationsINTRODUCTION: Transient pain and ocular inflammation may occur with ophthalmic surgery. Pain is an important determinant of patient satisfaction, and inflammation can increase the risk for suboptimal visual outcomes. Topical anti-inflammatory therapies can reduce the incidence of postoperative pain and inflammation but have many limitations, including nonadherence and significant potential side effects such as cataract…

Isocenter Optimization in WBRT: Concurrent Sparing of Lens and Lacrimal Gland via Anterior Penumbra SharpeningCONCLUSION: Anterior isocenter optimization is a practical, and hardware-free technique that seamlessly synergizes with modern MLC-based planning to provide significant, concurrent sparing of the lens and lacrimal gland in WBRT. As a readily implementable modification within existing planning systems, this strategy can be adopted immediately to enhance treatment safety without requiring additional resources.

Agreement of ocular biometry and evaluation of IOL calculation using a parameter-hybrid strategy: a comparison of CASIA2, IOL Master 700, and OA2000 in cataract patientsCONCLUSIONS: The hybrid strategy introduces a hyperopia bias and reduces refractive prediction accuracy. Using a single, consistent device for preoperative measurements is recommended for routine cataract surgery. The hybrid approach may serve only as a contingency in complex cases.

Superficial Keratectomy with Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane for Ocular Surface Optimization in Patients with Epithelial Basement Membrane DystrophyCONCLUSION: Superficial keratectomy with cAM led to complete re-epithelialization in the majority (96.3%) of cases within 10 days, which was associated with a significant change in HOA RMS, cylinder power and IOL SE. This treatment may be considered in patients prior to cataract surgery to return the cornea to healthy state and change the biometry…

Long-term visual outcomes of immediate versus delayed IOL implantation after posterior capsular rupture: A retrospective studyAimTo evaluate long-term postoperative visual outcomes and safety profile comparing immediate surgical treatment versus delayed management (more than one day) following posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery.Material and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 154 eyes with posterior capsular rupture treated at Fondation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, from March 2022 to June 2023. Patients were divided into…

A Case Report of Late-Onset Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Diagnosed Following Vision Loss After Cataract SurgeryLeber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by acute to subacute vision loss, predominantly affecting young males. We report a case of a 65-year-old male diagnosed with late-onset LHON after experiencing significant vision decline following cataract surgery. The patient initially presented with decreased vision in the left eye. His best corrected…

Immediate Versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery: A Systematic ReviewCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: ISBCS appears to be a safe and effective alternative to DSBCS in carefully selected patients, offering potential benefits in efficiency, recovery time, and patient satisfaction. Rigorous randomized controlled trials with standardized outcome measures and long-term follow-up are needed to further validate these findings.

Incidences and outcomes of retinal re-detachment in vitrectomised eyes following cataract extractionCONCLUSION: This study highlights that the rate of re-detachment following CE is still significant despite eyes having undergone previous vitrectomy and RD repair. Final visual acuity was notably lower in those patients who had RD post CE compared to those with RD repair before CE.

Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Rapid Glycemic Control During Preoperative PeriodCONCLUSION: It seems to be unnecessary to prolong the duration of glycemic control before cataract surgery from safety and effectiveness. Timely intervention may prevent the severe complications of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery following rapid glycemic control.

Incidence of Postoperative Diplopia After Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCONCLUSION: Very low-certainty evidence estimates the literature-pooled risk of postoperative binocular diplopia after cataract surgery, stratified by route of preoperative anesthesia. These results may equip cataract surgeons to more effectively counsel patients on the expected risk of postoperative binocular diplopia.

Comparison of the performance of large language models in answering patient questions related to cataractThis study evaluated the performance of four popular large-scale language models (ChatGPT o3-mini, Gemini 2.0 pro experimental, Deep Seek Thinking R1, and Kimi Thinking K1.5) in addressing frequently asked patient questions about cataracts and cataract surgery in Chinese. DeepSeek Thinking R1 performed comparably to Gemini 2.0 pro experimental in accuracy, while outperforming both ChatGPT o3-mini…

Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure After PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt Implantation in a Multicenter Japanese CohortCONCLUSIONS: PMS implantation achieved sustained IOP reduction, decreased medication use, and favorable safety in a large Japanese cohort, underscoring the importance of patient selection and surgical technique in optimizing outcomes.

Exponential myopic shift over 13 years in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes after congenital cataract surgery within 6 months of birthCONCLUSIONS: Both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes after congenital cataract surgery exhibited an exponential myopic shift that began in the early postoperative period and continued over a decade.

Refractive Outcomes of Toric Intraocular Lenses in Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy SurgeryCONCLUSION: Toric IOLs offer safe and effective astigmatism correction in combined Phacotrabeculectomy when performed using a standardized technique, with visual and refractive outcomes comparable to standalone cataract surgery.

Donor tissue impact on Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation and clinical outcomeCONCLUSIONS: Donor diabetes mellitus, heart failure, hypertension, respiratory insufficiency, kidney disease and previous cataract surgery are associated with difficult DMEK graft preparation, the latter two also with tissue loss. No impact of donor factors on clinical outcome was found.

Optimization of crystalline lens refractive index to improve the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation in patients with dense cataractCONCLUSIONS: In cases of high lens nucleus hardness, the use of proposed CLRI demonstrated potentials for reducing PE.

A global scoping review of clinical practice guidelines for cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: While these results are a reasonable starting point for WHO to begin the development of guidance for effective cataract surgery, there is an urgent need to generate data that will fill identified gaps in evidence and to harmonize inconsistencies going forward.

PAUL Glaucoma Implant versus Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in Pediatric Glaucoma Following Congenital Cataract SurgeryCONCLUSION: PGI and AGV showed comparable efficacy, safety, and surgical success in children with GFCS.

A Patient With Ocular Penetration and Traumatic Cataract During Double-Eyelid BlepharoplastyWe report a patient who developed ocular penetration with a traumatic cataract following double-eyelid blepharoplasty. A 19-year-old woman experienced immediate visual loss in her left eye after surgery. A slit-lamp examination revealed puncture wounds involving the cornea, iris, and full-thickness lens capsule, suggesting a linear penetrating injury. Due to the development of a traumatic cataract,…

Photothermal and cascade ROS generative multilayer as intraocular lens surface coating for effective posterior capsular opacification inhibitionCataract is the leading cause for blindness. While the intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the only effective treatment in cataract surgery. Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most frequent complication after cataract surgery, mainly resulting from the proliferation and migration of residual human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) within the capsular bag. While surface modification of…

Comparison of Anterior Chamber Depth Changes of Two Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses in the Capsular Bag: A Prospective, Randomized, Contralateral Eye, Multicenter StudyCONCLUSION: The Clareon IOL was equivalent to the AcrySof IQ IOL regarding ACD changes from 1 day to 6 months. No significant differences were observed in ACD, IOL tilt, or refractive outcomes at 6 months between the two IOLs in the same patients. Both IOLs showed good stability in the bag through 6 months.

Retinal hemodynamic effects of sub-Tenon anesthesiaCONCLUSION: This study did not prove retinal microvascular changes associated with sub-Tenon anesthesia. The observed VD and PD reductions were likely caused by OCTA image artifacts rather than true hemodynamic changes.

Effects of peribulbar block and incisionless sub-Tenon's block on sleep quality after cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: The incisionless sub-Tenon's block was superior to the peribulbar block in terms of providing akinesia and reducing the need for maintenance anesthetic medications such as sedatives or analgesics. Although chemosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the incisionless sub-Tenon's group, all events were transient and had no serious clinical significance. The 2 regional…

Accidental Entry of Ointment in Anterior Chamber Postcataract Surgery: A Clinical ConundrumPostoperative complications of cataract surgery are uncommon, and accidental entry of topical ointment into the anterior chamber is a particularly rare event. We report the case of a 67-year-old male with bilateral cataracts and old macular scar in the right eye asteroid hyalosis in the left eye, who developed intraocular migration of 6% sodium chloride…

Comparison of functional outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and phacoemulsification in post-radial keratotomy cataractCONCLUSIONS: The Barrett True-K formula provided better predictive accuracy for the presumed IOL power than SRK/T in these cases. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement after FLACS or phacoemulsification, with slightly better outcomes after FLACS with laser energy modulation.

Differential Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Utilization by Procedure Type: Analysis of Korean National Health Insurance Data [2017-2021]Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused severe disruptions in healthcare services worldwide; however, its differential effects on surgical utilization have not been fully examined. This study aimed to analyze trends in three major surgery types-cataract, spine, and joint replacement-across regions and healthcare institutions in Korea and to evaluate how the pandemic affected surgical…

Antioxidant Capacity in Fuchs' Dystrophy and Its Relationship with Cataract: A Pilot StudyBackground/Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the level of total proteins and antioxidant capacity in the corneal endothelium of patients with endothelial decompensation, due or not due to a Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FECD), and analyze the influence of cataract formation. Methods: Endothelial cells from 27 patients with endothelial dystrophy and 6 from…

Case-matched comparison of combined phacoemulsification with ab-interno trabeculectomy via Kahook dual blade and trabectome in a Caucasian populationThe purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the outcomes after combined phacoemulsification and ab-interno trabeculectomy via Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) and Trabectome, being represented in two groups of patients of Caucasian ethnicity with matched baseline criteria. We included 60 eyes of 49 participants being treated for cataract, of which 30 eyes underwent additional…

Use of Aflibercept to Treat Retinopathy of Prematurity in Children with Extremely Low Birth WeightBackground: Aflibercept is one of the anti-VEGF drugs used, among others, for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, alongside the widely used bevacizuab and ranibizumab. It is a recombinant fusion protein composed of the human VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 domains combined with the Fc part of human IgG, called VEGF-TRAP. The paper describes a group of…

Epithelial Thickness Changes After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK): An Observational StudyAims: The aim of this study is to characterise corneal epithelial thickness profiles after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and compare it with healthy controls, focusing on inferior-superior (I-S) epithelial thickness differences and their relationship with age. Methods: This single-centre observational study included 36 post-DMEK eyes with at least 6 months' follow-up and 36 healthy…

Intraoperative Use of a Topical Anesthetic Gel Versus Balanced Salt Solution During Cataract Surgery: Effects on Corneal Structure and Ocular SurfaceBackground/Objectives: During cataract surgery, topical anesthesia is routinely achieved through the instillation of topical anesthetic eye drops, while different agents may be applied to the corneal surface during the procedure to support lubrication and protection. The impact of these intraoperative strategies on corneal integrity and postoperative ocular surface recovery remains an area of clinical interest.…

AstigMETRICS: An Automated Tool for Standardized Vector Metrics Tables and Group Comparisons in Refractive SurgeryBackground/Objectives: Standardized reporting of astigmatism outcomes is essential for comparability, reproducibility, and interpretation of refractive surgery studies. Vectorial analyses based on established metrics are increasingly required by major journals, yet no freely available tool exists for generating publication-ready vector analysis tables with statistical comparisons. This study presents AstigMETRICS, a standalone application for automated calculation, formatting,…

Agreement Between Two Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Devices in Assessing Glistening on the Intraocular Lens In VivoBackground/Objectives: To analyze the agreement between two swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) devices in assessing glistening on intraocular lenses (IOL). Methods: Patients who had previously undergone cataract surgery were included. They were sequentially examined using two SS-OCT devices: Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) and Triton (Topcon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Six corresponding scans from both…

Anaesthethic management on a pediatric patient with Sengers syndrome. Case reportSengers Syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial myopathy caused by mutations of the acylglycerol kinase gene, which leads to an abnormal musculoskeletal and myocardial lipid and glycogen accumulation. It is characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis (especially under stress condition). Therefore, cataract surgery might be indicated. Currently there is no…

François Pourfour du Petit (1664-1741): a pioneer in experimental medicineFrançois Pourfour du Petit (1664-1741) is one of the most versatile scientists in medical history. Trained as a surgeon, chemist, ophthalmologist, and botanist, Petit was an intellectual who combined science with observation and experimentation. Through meticulous examination of the complex structure of the human nervous system, Petit provided important experimental observations on the decussation of…

Keratoscleritis and Choroidal Exudative Detachment in the Setting of Ocular Pyoderma GangrenosumCONCLUSION: Ocular PG can manifest as postoperative keratoscleritis with choroidal effusions. Negative cultures and poor response to antimicrobials should prompt consideration of immune-mediated keratitis. Early recognition and timely corticosteroid therapy can preserve vision. Preoperative risk assessment and perioperative steroid prophylaxis may prevent postoperative inflammatory complications in patients with known PG.

The Effect of Tear Film Stability on Variability of Posterior Corneal Curvature Readings with a Swept-Source Optical Biometer in Cataract PatientsCONCLUSION: The OCT-based posterior curvature readings show greater variability than the telecentric anterior keratometry. Unlike anterior corneal measurements, posterior corneal readings variability was not linked to tear film parameters.

Fifteen-day topical ketorolac tromethamine, with and without benzalkonium chloride, alters tear function, goblet cell density, and meibomian gland integrity in healthy catsCONCLUSION: Both ketorolac formulations reduced STT, TFBT, and GCD, supporting the development of a qualitative dry eye state in healthy cats. BACKT resulted in greater ocular discomfort, increased MG loss, and higher lipid peroxidation, indicating BAC-related cytotoxicity. Caution is advised when prescribing prolonged topical ketorolac, and concurrent ocular lubrication is recommended.

betaA4-Crystallin Mutations Disrupt Structural Stability and Crystallin Interactions in Congenital Cataract PathogenesisCONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed mutations in βA4-crystallin-driven cataractogenesis via distinct mechanisms according to their distinct structural contexts. αA-crystallin functions as a primary mitigator of severe misfolding, preferentially stabilizing aggregation-prone conformers. These findings suggest that mutation-specific stabilization via small-molecule chaperones or enhanced αA-crystallin activity may represent potential precision therapeutic strategies for...

Lens extraction combined with circumferential ab interno trabeculotomy to treat pigmentary glaucomaNo abstract

Surface modification of intraocular lenses with zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) for posterior capsular opacification preventionPosterior capsular opacification (PCO) remains the most common long-term complication after cataract surgery, primarily caused by adhesion and proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the intraocular lens (IOL) surface. Here, we report a zwitterionic carboxybetaine-coating strategy to endow IOLs with anti-adhesive and anti-fibrotic properties without compromising optical clarity. The zwitterionic monomer carboxybetaine methacrylate…

Visual and refractive outcomes of three distinct extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens technologies compared to a monofocalCONCLUSION: Regardless of optical design, the EDOF IOLs provided better intermediate and near vision and greater spectacle independence compared to the monofocal IOL. Photic phenomena were generally mild, although more frequent with the diffractive design.

Impact of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on cataract developmentCONCLUSION: Long-term intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cataract for which surgical intervention was performed.

Modified ab externo 2-point pierce technique for scleral fixation of single-piece intraocular lensesFoldable acrylic lenses are the most extensively used 'in the bag' monofocal or multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in cataract surgery, toric lenses in astigmatism, and refractive lens exchange surgeries. When subluxation or dislocation of these lenses is encountered, they must be explanted as they cannot be fixed with conventional scleral fixation techniques. The 'pierce' technique…

Development and Validation of a new Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Patients with Myopic Corneal Refractive SurgeryCONCLUSIONS: The LISA MRS formula provides accurate IOL power calculation for cataract patients with prior MRS, particularly in eyes with AL ≥ 28 mm. Use of PRC is recommended whenever available.

Clinical presentation, association, laser prophylaxis, and long-term surgical outcomes of 25G vitrectomy in fundal coloboma with retinal detachmentCONCLUSION: 25G PPV is a safe and effective surgical modality for managing fundal coloboma-associated retinal detachment, demonstrating favorable anatomical and functional outcomes. The prospective design, consistent surgical technique, and involvement of a single experienced surgeon contribute to the robustness and reliability of the results. Given the notable incidence of complications such as glaucoma and silicone…

In vitro evaluation of retinoblastoma seeds using red and green lasersCONCLUSION: Use of laser in the present study was first of its kind, carried out to visualize RB seeds at different sites in raw or wet specimens of the enucleated eyeballs. By this technique, active seeds could be differentiated from the inactive seeds based on electron dense clouds within the seeds' configurations.

Systemic metastatic retinal lymphoma masquerading as granulomatous uveitisCONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of recognizing SMRL as a potential cause of atypical uveitis, particularly in the presence of optic nerve and retinal infiltrates. It highlights the need for early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach, integrating systemic and ocular management to improve patient outcomes.

Association Between Iris Manipulation during Phacovitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Repair and Proliferative VitreoretinopathyCONCLUSION: Iris manipulation during phacovitrectomy for RD repair and cataract extraction was significantly associated with development of PVR in the absence of active inflammation, despite a similar profile of other postoperative complications. These findings highlight the potential role of iris trauma in amplifying intraocular inflammation and contributing to PVR pathogenesis.

Acute Ballooning of the Corneal Epithelium in Cataract SurgeryNo abstract

Automatic Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Cornea and Lens in 2D OCT Images of Rabbit EyesAnterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) supports cataract surgery planning by revealing corneal and crystalline lens geometry, but clinical workflows require fast, user-independent delineation of key interfaces in noisy scans. We address this need with an end-to-end pipeline tailored to low signal to noise ratio (SNR), preclinical AS-OCT: a systematic architecture search selects a U-Net with…

Posterior Capsule Rupture and Vitreous Loss in Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis from a Swiss Tertiary Center CONCLUSION: The rate of PCR and/or VL during cataract surgery at a Swiss tertiary care center is comparable to international statistics. PEX is a strong and independent predictor for these complications; although the predictive power of TCS did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis, the observed trend suggests that risk-based preoperative scores such as…

Toric Versus non-toric intraocular lenses for pre-existing corneal astigmatism: a systematic review and meta-analysis CONCLUSIONS: In patients with corneal astigmatism, toric IOLs provide more precise astigmatic correction and better uncorrected distance vision. These pooled effect sizes refine the current consensus and may assist refractive planning in cataract surgery.

Analysis of refractive outcomes and related factors in combined filtering surgery with Toric Lens implantation PurposeTo evaluate refractive outcomes and associated factors in patients undergoing combined filtering glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy or non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS)) and cataract extraction with toric intraocular lens implantation.DesignProspective consecutive case series.MethodsThis prospective case series included 43 eyes of 32 patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism ≥ 0.75 diopters (D) and moderate-to-severe open-angle glaucoma. Patients underwent trabeculectomy…

Rotational Stability and Refractive Outcomes of a Toric Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lens CONCLUSIONS: The RayOne EMV Toric IOL demonstrated good rotational stability within the first postoperative week. However, an increased tendency to rotation after 1 week was observed, leading to a total of 19 (16.7%) IOLs rotating more than 5°, including one case exceeding 10° from EOS to 6m. Refractive outcomes were favorable, with 92% of eyes…

Functional Classification of a New IOL Into the Category of Partial Depth of Field: Enhanced IOLs According to the ESCRS CriteriaCONCLUSIONS: The Evolux offers better visual acuity at an intermediate distance and can be classified as a partial-DOFi enhanced IOL.

Emphasis on perioperative ocular surface management in cataract surgeryCataract surgery has fully evolved from traditional vision-restoring surgery to refractive cataract surgery, highlighting the growing clinical importance of maintaining perioperative ocular surface microenvironment homeostasis. Based on the"Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of dry eye disease during perioperative period of cataract surgery (2021)" and with further in-depth exploration, this article elaborates on four…

Retrospective study on the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery on the cornea in diabetic patientsObjective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS) in diabetic patients, and to investigate whether FLACS provides superior early postoperative visual quality recovery. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. A total of 107 diabetic patients (107 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery…

Acute Macular Hole Formation after Posterior Vitreous Detachment Induction in Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: A Case ReportCONCLUSION: Acute MH formation can occur immediately after PVD induction during ERM surgery, even in the absence of overt vitreomacular traction or direct macular trauma. Intraoperative foveal hemorrhage should alert the surgeon to the possibility of impending MH formation.

Refractive Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Using Zeiss Artificial Intelligence Calculator versus Barrett Universal II and KaneCONCLUSION: Compared to BU2, ZAIC produces a lower MAE, SD, and RMSAE, and a higher proportion of eyes within 0.5 and 0.75 D of predicted but performs similarly to Kane across all outcome measures. This remains true regardless of whether K or TK is used as an input. This study is limited by its retrospective…

Sulcus fixation of a standard capsular tension ring in cataract surgery with capsular instabilityCONCLUSION: This technique offers a viable surgical option in complex cataract cases with zonulysis.

Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Compared with Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Insert for Inflammation Prophylaxis After Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Clinical StudyCONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study, participants who received STAI appeared to have iritis at a later onset than those who received DII. However, post-operative complications were low, with no significant differences in the rates of rebound iritis or CME between the two groups. STAI and DII have similar clinical utility in the prophylaxis of…

Evaluation of Changes in Central Macular Thickness After Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Posterior Capsulotomy: An Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Prospective Observational StudyBackground After cataract surgery, one of the most common complications causing diminution of vision is posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy is currently the most popular option for treating PCO, as it is a fast, non-invasive, and successful procedure. Methodology This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye…

Comparative Safety and Energy Efficiency of Two Phaco Power Modulation Strategies in Diabetic Patients Undergoing PhacoemulsificationCONCLUSION: Both PPM configurations were safe and effective in diabetic eyes, producing comparable visual improvement and reversible postoperative corneal thickening, supporting the use of either PPM in diabetic cataract surgery. Although PPM 1 achieved significantly lower APT, EPT and corneal recovery were similar between groups, indicating greater ultrasound efficiency without compromising corneal safety. Interpretation of…

Effect of Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy Size on Visual Acuity and Posterior Segment Outcomes: A 6-Months Follow-Up StudyPosterior capsular opacification, frequently referred to as after cataract, represents the most common long-term complication following cataract surgery, including phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract excision with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of YAG laser capsulotomy size on visual acuity outcomes and to examine intraoperative and postoperative effects in the…

Comparative Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Corneal cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus: Epithelium on With Supplemental Oxygen Versus Epithelium off ProtocolCONCLUSIONS: Transepithelial cross-linking (T-CXL) is associated with a lower incidence of corneal haze, faster visual recovery-especially in terms of uncorrected distance visual acuity-and reduced postoperative pain. These benefits make T-CXL with supplemental oxygen a safe and effective alternative to the standard epithelium-off cross-linking procedure.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Modern Toric Intraocular Lens Formulas Based on Anterior Corneal MeasurementsCONCLUSION: This study provides a further evaluation of the accuracy of modern toric IOL formulas for astigmatism prediction, even though only anterior corneal measurements from ARGOS were used for toric IOL calculations.

Effect of Anesthesia Technique on the Postoperative Rotational Stability of Toric Intraocular LensesCONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia enhances early postoperative rotational stability of Toric IOLs and reduces the need for repositioning.

Visual and surgical outcomes of traumatic cataract surgery in IndiaTraumatic cataract is a major cause of visual impairment, particularly in regions with high rates of ocular trauma. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate visual and surgical outcomes following phacoemulsification in 62 patients with traumatic cataract at a tertiary center in Jharkhand. Most patients presented with poor preoperative vision and blunt trauma was more…

Prevalence of corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery in IndiaCorneal astigmatism is common among patients presenting for cataract surgery. Hence, understanding its pattern is essential for optimal surgical planning and visual outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence, type, and severity of corneal astigmatism in 320 cataract surgery candidates aged 40 years and above at RIO, RIMS, Ranchi, India. Automated keratometry and corneal topography were…

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL NON-DIFFRACTIVE, EXTENDED DEPTH-OF-FOCUS INTRAOCULAR LENS - PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A PHASE 4 STUDYCONCLUSION: The Enova ADVANCED ^(TM) (VSY BIOTECHNOLOGY) EDOF IOLs demonstrated favorable vision outcomes, showing similar VA across various distances. Enova ADVANCED ^(TM) (VSY BIOTECHNOLOGY) provides a wide monocular depth of focus at 0.1 and 0.2 log MAR. The levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction were noticeably higher.

Early Real-World Outcomes with a Novel Hybrid Full Range of Vision Intraocular LensBackground and Objectives: We aimed to describe early real-world visual, refractive, and safety outcomes following implantation of a novel hybrid full range of vision intraocular lens (IOL) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, non-randomized clinical study included 50 patients (100 eyes) undergoing bilateral sequential cataract surgery with implantation of the…

Effectiveness of Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery in Treating White CataractsCONCLUSION: MSICS is safe, effective, and cost-efficient technique, offering excellent visual outcomes even in complex cases involving white cataracts and systemic comorbidities.

Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Rapid Glycemic Control During Preoperative Period [Letter]No abstract

Outcomes of Z-suture scleral fixation and retropupillary iris-claw in patients with insufficient capsular support: A comparative studyPurposeManaging intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with insufficient capsular support can be challenging. This study compares the safety and efficacy of Akreos AO^(®) z-suture scleral fixation and Artisan Aphakia IOL^(®) retropupillary iris claw techniques for patients lacking capsular and zonular support.SettingThis retrospective study was conducted at Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal, between…

Comparison of 2.2 mm vs. 2.6 mm corneal incisions in phacoemulsification in hard nuclear cataracts: impact on intraoperative energy and postoperative corneal recoveryCONCLUSION: The corneal incision size (2.2 mm versus 2.6 mm) did not influence the use of intraoperative ultrasound energy or result in differential corneal endothelial cell loss. However, smaller incisions (2.2 mm) were associated with increased short-term edema at the incision site, potentially impacting early wound healing.

Effectiveness and Safety of Combined Ab-Interno Canaloplasty and Microstent Implantation in Severe Glaucoma - A Retrospective StudyCONCLUSION: Combining ab-interno canaloplasty with Hydrus Microstent implantation during cataract surgery resulted in modest but sustained reductions in intraocular pressure and glaucoma medication burden, with a favorable safety profile. However, postoperative IOP frequently remained above levels required for very low target pressures. These findings suggest that this mixed MIGS approach may be considered in carefully…

Visual Field Stability After Trifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Longitudinal Standard Automated Perimetry StudyCONCLUSION: Trifocal IOL implantation was not associated with clinically meaningful deterioration in SAP global indices or reliability measures during follow-up.

Paired Opposite Clear Corneal Incision in Cataract Patients with Different Types of AstigmatismCONCLUSION: Although the corneal astigmatism-correcting effect of p-OCCI is similar in different types of astigmatism,p-OCCI may be less predictable in oblique astigmatism.

Visual acuity outcome and complications of cataract surgery in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysisThis study estimated the pooled prevalence of visual acuity (VA) outcomes and potentially blinding cataract surgery complications in Nigeria. Ethical clearance was waived by the Ethical Review Board of the Kano State Ministry of Health. We searched PubMed, African journals online, Embase, MEDLINE and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies from January 1990 to February…

Explantation of Implantable Collamer Lenses due to high intraocular pressure in a highly hyperopic patient: a case reportCONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that late-onset angle closure and pigment dispersion can occur after ICL implantation, particularly in highly hyperopic eyes with shallow anterior chambers. Lifelong monitoring of anterior chamber configuration and IOP is therefore essential in these patients. When IOP elevation secondary to angle closure develops, combined ICL explantation and cataract surgery can effectively…

Comparable performance of 3D and 2D anterior segment optical coherence tomography in predicting intraocular pressure reduction following cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: AS-OCT parameters improved the predictability of IOP reduction after phacoemulsification, with notably better performance in non-glaucoma eyes. 2D and 3D models showed comparable predictive ability.

Retrospective study on the predictability of the Barrett TK Universal II formula using the IOLMaster 700 in a public university hospital across 193 surgeriesCONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of having precise technology for performing biometrics such as the IOLMaster 700 and the use of last-generation formulas such as the Barrett TK Universal II.

Case Report: Maculopathy following standard dose intracameral cefuroxime injection during ICL surgeryCONCLUSION: While intracameral cefuroxime is a highly effective prophylactic against endophthalmitis, it may cause sporadic toxic maculopathy even at standard doses during ICL surgery. Unlike typical post-cataract inflammatory edema, ICOTS presents acutely on day 1. Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion and utilize early OCT imaging for unexpected postoperative visual disturbances.

Biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema on Optical Coherence Tomography After Cataract SurgeryPurpose: To evaluate how 6 features of diabetic macular edema (DME), including intraretinal cyst size, ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL), hyperreflective foci, subretinal fluid, and foveal contour, evolve on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after cataract surgery with intraoperative and ongoing postoperative treatment with intravitreal (IVT) bevacizumab or triamcinolone. Secondary…

Comparison of Astigmatic Outcomes with an Ultra-Low Cylinder Power (0.90 D) Toric versus a Non-Toric Intraocular Lens for Eyes with Low AstigmatismCONCLUSION: The ULPT IOL was safe and effective for eyes with low to ultra-low preoperative astigmatism and resulted in significantly greater reduction in postoperative manifest cylinder compared to the monofocal IOL.

Comparison of Visual Outcomes Between Manual Phacoemulsification and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract SurgeryObjective Our study compared recovery outcomes between manual and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery by measuring visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and inflammation through pachymetry testing. We hypothesized that laser-assisted procedures would have improved postoperative results when compared to manual cataract surgery. Design We performed a prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing either manual or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract…

Correlation of pupil diameter and intraoperative complications in patients with pseudoexfoliation undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: Preoperative identification of a pupil diameter <5.5 mm post dilation may alert the surgeon to potential intraoperative findings such as zonular weakness and iris instability, which may lead to better surgical planning.

Assessment of Peripheral Anterior Synechiae Using Linear Gonio-Images Following Trabeculotomy with TrabectomeCONCLUSION: Widespread PAS was detected by GS-1 at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. However, its effect on postoperative IOP reduction and prognosis appears limited. Moreover, the long-term effects remain unclear; therefore, further studies are warranted.

Factors influencing corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in elderly diabetic cataract patients and establishment of a predictive modelThis study aimed to explore the factors influencing corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in elderly diabetic cataract (DC) patients and to establish a predictive model. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 300 DC patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in our hospital between June 2022 and October 2023.…

Incidence of Postoperative Diplopia After Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCONCLUSION: Very low-certainty evidence estimates the literature-pooled risk of postoperative binocular diplopia after cataract surgery, stratified by route of preoperative anesthesia. These results may equip cataract surgeons to more effectively counsel patients on the expected risk of postoperative binocular diplopia.

Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure After PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt Implantation in a Multicenter Japanese CohortCONCLUSIONS: PMS implantation achieved sustained IOP reduction, decreased medication use, and favorable safety in a large Japanese cohort, underscoring the importance of patient selection and surgical technique in optimizing outcomes.

Agreement of ocular biometry and evaluation of IOL calculation using a parameter-hybrid strategy: a comparison of CASIA2, IOL Master 700, and OA2000 in cataract patientsCONCLUSIONS: The hybrid strategy introduces a hyperopia bias and reduces refractive prediction accuracy. Using a single, consistent device for preoperative measurements is recommended for routine cataract surgery. The hybrid approach may serve only as a contingency in complex cases.

Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Rapid Glycemic Control During Preoperative PeriodCONCLUSION: It seems to be unnecessary to prolong the duration of glycemic control before cataract surgery from safety and effectiveness. Timely intervention may prevent the severe complications of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery following rapid glycemic control.

Donor tissue impact on Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation and clinical outcomeCONCLUSIONS: Donor diabetes mellitus, heart failure, hypertension, respiratory insufficiency, kidney disease and previous cataract surgery are associated with difficult DMEK graft preparation, the latter two also with tissue loss. No impact of donor factors on clinical outcome was found.

Optimization of crystalline lens refractive index to improve the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation in patients with dense cataractCONCLUSIONS: In cases of high lens nucleus hardness, the use of proposed CLRI demonstrated potentials for reducing PE.

A global scoping review of clinical practice guidelines for cataract surgeryCONCLUSIONS: While these results are a reasonable starting point for WHO to begin the development of guidance for effective cataract surgery, there is an urgent need to generate data that will fill identified gaps in evidence and to harmonize inconsistencies going forward.

Refractive Outcomes of Toric Intraocular Lenses in Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy SurgeryCONCLUSION: Toric IOLs offer safe and effective astigmatism correction in combined Phacotrabeculectomy when performed using a standardized technique, with visual and refractive outcomes comparable to standalone cataract surgery.

Comparison of functional outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and phacoemulsification in post-radial keratotomy cataractCONCLUSIONS: The Barrett True-K formula provided better predictive accuracy for the presumed IOL power than SRK/T in these cases. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement after FLACS or phacoemulsification, with slightly better outcomes after FLACS with laser energy modulation.

Intraoperative Use of a Topical Anesthetic Gel Versus Balanced Salt Solution During Cataract Surgery: Effects on Corneal Structure and Ocular SurfaceBackground/Objectives: During cataract surgery, topical anesthesia is routinely achieved through the instillation of topical anesthetic eye drops, while different agents may be applied to the corneal surface during the procedure to support lubrication and protection. The impact of these intraoperative strategies on corneal integrity and postoperative ocular surface recovery remains an area of clinical interest.…

AstigMETRICS: An Automated Tool for Standardized Vector Metrics Tables and Group Comparisons in Refractive SurgeryBackground/Objectives: Standardized reporting of astigmatism outcomes is essential for comparability, reproducibility, and interpretation of refractive surgery studies. Vectorial analyses based on established metrics are increasingly required by major journals, yet no freely available tool exists for generating publication-ready vector analysis tables with statistical comparisons. This study presents AstigMETRICS, a standalone application for automated calculation, formatting,…

Case-matched comparison of combined phacoemulsification with ab-interno trabeculectomy via Kahook dual blade and trabectome in a Caucasian populationThe purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the outcomes after combined phacoemulsification and ab-interno trabeculectomy via Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) and Trabectome, being represented in two groups of patients of Caucasian ethnicity with matched baseline criteria. We included 60 eyes of 49 participants being treated for cataract, of which 30 eyes underwent additional…

Keratoscleritis and Choroidal Exudative Detachment in the Setting of Ocular Pyoderma GangrenosumCONCLUSION: Ocular PG can manifest as postoperative keratoscleritis with choroidal effusions. Negative cultures and poor response to antimicrobials should prompt consideration of immune-mediated keratitis. Early recognition and timely corticosteroid therapy can preserve vision. Preoperative risk assessment and perioperative steroid prophylaxis may prevent postoperative inflammatory complications in patients with known PG.

The Effect of Tear Film Stability on Variability of Posterior Corneal Curvature Readings with a Swept-Source Optical Biometer in Cataract PatientsCONCLUSION: The OCT-based posterior curvature readings show greater variability than the telecentric anterior keratometry. Unlike anterior corneal measurements, posterior corneal readings variability was not linked to tear film parameters.

Clinical presentation, association, laser prophylaxis, and long-term surgical outcomes of 25G vitrectomy in fundal coloboma with retinal detachmentCONCLUSION: 25G PPV is a safe and effective surgical modality for managing fundal coloboma-associated retinal detachment, demonstrating favorable anatomical and functional outcomes. The prospective design, consistent surgical technique, and involvement of a single experienced surgeon contribute to the robustness and reliability of the results. Given the notable incidence of complications such as glaucoma and silicone…

Development and Validation of a new Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Patients with Myopic Corneal Refractive SurgeryCONCLUSIONS: The LISA MRS formula provides accurate IOL power calculation for cataract patients with prior MRS, particularly in eyes with AL ≥ 28 mm. Use of PRC is recommended whenever available.

Comparative Outcomes of Immediate Versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery: A Narrative Review Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) has gained increasing international acceptance as a safe and efficient alternative to delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS), yet adoption remains heterogeneous. This narrative review aims to provide an updated academic review of the comparative outcomes and safety profiles of ISBCS versus DSBCS, with emphasis on parameters most relevant…

Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Compared with Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Insert for Inflammation Prophylaxis After Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Clinical StudyCONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study, participants who received STAI appeared to have iritis at a later onset than those who received DII. However, post-operative complications were low, with no significant differences in the rates of rebound iritis or CME between the two groups. STAI and DII have similar clinical utility in the prophylaxis of…

Regression Patterns of Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Following Panretinal Photocoagulation - A Prospective, Observational StudyCONCLUSION: In this pilot study, short-term regression of neovascularization following PRP was variable. Exploratory trends suggested possible differential regression between NVD and NVE.

Epidemiology of Inherited Retinal Diseases in the United States: IRIS<sup>®</sup> Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) AnalysisCONCLUSION: Patients with inherited retinal diseases can develop treatable ocular conditions that may affect their vision. Cataract and cystoid macular edema (CME) appear to be most associated with RP. Although RRD is rare, it may be disproportionately diagnosed in RP relative to repair rates and was most likely among CHM patients, perhaps reflecting coding practices…

Intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone implant for the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema following vitrectomyCONCLUSION: Sustained-release DEX implants provided immediate and lasting functional and anatomical benefits in patients with persistent postoperative CME. Outcomes such as the required number of DEX implants or treatment response were not significantly impacted by subgroup factors.

Management of Post-Operative Inflammation After Cataract Surgery with Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Implant and Topical KetorolacCONCLUSION: There was no difference in the rate of rebound inflammation or CME in the IDOI/ketorolac regimen compared to the PA/ketorolac regimen. IDOI can be a safe and effective dropless alternative to PA/ketorolac therapy after cataract surgery in patients susceptible to inflammation.

Aqueous humour cytokine profiles in retinal vein occlusion: a comparative study of acute, chronic recurrent, and control eyesCONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory cytokine profiles in recurrent RVO differ between BRVO and CRVO and are characterized by reduced levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines compared with controls. These findings highlight distinct inflammatory features of recurrent RVO and provide a basis for future studies investigating disease progression and treatment resistance.

Efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy for Irvine-Gass syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysisCONCLUSION: Current literature suggests potential benefits of intravitreal anti-VEGF in treating IGS. However, its superiority over placebo remains uncertain, suggesting the need for randomized, placebo-controlled trials.